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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Romanoffs
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family name of the last czar/king of Russia (Nicholas II)
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Bolsheviks
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Lenin's gang of Communists/followers, took over Russia in 1917
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Karl Marx
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German philosopher
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The Bolsheviks took over ____ in ____.
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Russia in 1917
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________ invented the ______ ______ and wrote a book called.... during what?
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Karl Marx, Communist theory, "Communist Manifesto", industrial revolution
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What was the Communist Manifesto?
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Karl Marx' bk; said Bourgeousies and proleterians were evil, like slavery, proleterians would have a union, nothing to lose, utopian society, equal share of anything, but this was never implemented
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Bourgeoisie
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fancy French term for "rich Capitalist"
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Proletarians
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fancy French term for "factory worker"
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Who were the Soviets and why were they called that?
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Russian Comms, Russia was a Communist country called the Soviet Union
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Gulags
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Russia became Totalitarian, no freedom/dem./religion, ppl became slaves to Soviet govt, so nothing changed (before they were slaves of czars), Russians got banished to GULAGS if didn't follow rules (concentration camps in Siberia
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When was the Cold War?
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1945-1991
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Describe the Cold War
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unfriendly relationship b/w US and USSR, if war had gone further, nukes would have been used, in the end, USSR gave up Comm. for cap. and dem., cultural diffusion of dem and cap
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Who was Gorbachev?
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got NPP for ending Comm. in Russia, ended dispute between US and Russia, final leader of USSR, his leadership is the main reason why Cold War ended
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When was Sputnik launched?
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1957
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What was Sputnik?
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first shuttle/radio satellite sent to space, biggest accomplishment by Russia, started space age, rival to NASA
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Chernobyl, Ukraine
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worst nuclear disaster besides Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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When did Chernobyl, Ukraine get bombed?
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1986
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Where is Red Square?
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just outside Kremlin walls in Moscow, Russia
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What are some famous landmarks in Red Square?
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Lenin's tomb, St. Basil's Cathedral
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When was the ABC News edition of Primetime Live finished? Why is that important?
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Jan, 1990, last few months of USSR (Russia being Communist)
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What does kremlin mean
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fortress
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Why was the Kremlin wall originally built?
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built a little establishment, so they built a wall around it to protect from Mongolian Raiders
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When was the Kremlin wall originally built?
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1100s
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How many guard towers were built along the Kremlin's perimeter wall?
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20
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Why is Kremlin special to Russians?
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it's where their nation started
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What is said to have happened to the architect of St. Basil's Cathedral after it was finished?
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Ivan asked arch. if he could build another magnificent building, arch. said yes, but Ivan didn't want another one (jealous), so he blinded the arch.
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czar
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Russian king
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first czar, when did he become czar?
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Ivan, 1533
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What was Ivan's nickname?
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Ivan the Terrible
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________ moved the Russian capital from Moscow to_______. Why?
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Czar Peter the Great, St. Petersburg, he traveled thru Europe and wanted the capital to be close to Europe
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Who was the last czar?
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Nicholas II
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When did the Russian Czarist reign come to an end? Why?
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1917, Lenin took over with Communism
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leader of world's first comm. rev. in world and russia?
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Lenin
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Why did Lenin live without luxury?
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practiced what he preached (communism), only using what you need
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Communist symbol
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red hammer and sickle
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Who was Stalin?
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Lenin's successor, took over Russia after Lenin died, friend of US in WWII
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What almost led to nuclear war between USA and USSR?
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Cuban missile crisis; Russia almost bombed Cuba, JFK was pres. at the time
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When was the Cuban missile crisis?
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early 1960s
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______ led the movement to create a single _______.
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Prussia, German country
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WWI began in...
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1914
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WWII began in....when....
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1939, Germany invaded Poland
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How many ppl died in WWII?
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50 million
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After WWII, __________ ruled...
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Communist govts., East Germany
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Switzerland is....and...
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multilingual, historically neutral
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Capital of Germany
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Berlin
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Germany's GDP is ______ largest in the ....
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4th largest in world
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Industries in the ____ developed around huge...
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Ruhr, coal deposits
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____% of Germans work as...
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less than 3, farmers
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Largest group of immigrants to Germany are from...
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Turkey
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__________, _________, __________, _________ are considered a ______ region.
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Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Kaliningrad, Russia, Baltic
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______ and ______ share the _________ peninsula.
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Spain, Portugal, Iberia
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The ______ brought ______religion to _______.
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Moors, Islamic, Iberia
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The Alps separate....
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Italian peninsula from the rest of Europe to its North
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main religion of Spain today?
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Roman Catholic
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____% of people in Spain speak...
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75, Castilian Spanish
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Moorish influences in Spain today
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Arabic architectural styles, natural features/settlements with Moorish names
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Vatican city
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independent, theocratic country in the heart of Rome
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________ are trying to make their region....
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Basque country ppl, a separate country
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______ and ______ developed from... (languages)
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Spanish, Portuguese, Latin
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5 romance languages
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Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Romanian
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Portugal's capital and...
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Lisbon, largest city
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3 names for England
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England, United Kingdom, Great Britain
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Britain has a.... ....govt.
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constitutional monarchy
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In Britain's government, the Prime Minister is...and the Queen has the ceremonial title of...
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government, head of state
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Celts are ancestors of...
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Scots, Welsh, Irish
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During the _____ the British Empire ruled more than...of...
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1800s, 1/4, world's land area
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_______ won independence from British in_______
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Ireland, 1921
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About ________ Irish died in....because of the...
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1 million, mid-1800s, potato famine
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About ___% of Greenland is covered by... (dimensions?)
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85, ice cap as much as two miles high
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Greenland
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world's largest island owned by Denmark
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Most ppl in Ireland are... (what religion?)
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Roman Catholic
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Dublin is...
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Ireland's capital and most populous city.
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The Industrial Revolution began in what country?
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Britain
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Today, much of _____'s labor force works in _________
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Britain's, service industries
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Ireland has....taxes and a ......
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low, well educated workforce
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Which countries make up the Benelux countries?
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Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg (BNL, every other letter in benelux)
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What eventually led to the European Union (EU)?
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early economic association of Benelux countries
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The EU introduced the... in ...
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euro, 1999
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Euro
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new common currency introduced in 1999 by EU
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The _______ have worked hard to....
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people in Netherlands, reclaim land from sea
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people of Netherlands
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Dutch
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Flemish
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dialect of Dutch spoken in northern Belgium
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Scandinavia is made up of...
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Norway, Sweden, Finland, and major Russian city Murmansk
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capital of Belgium
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Brussels
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Brussels
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capital of Belgium and headquarters of the EU and NATO
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Luxembourg
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smallest member of EU, but highest per capita GDP in world
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What does Netherlands mean? Why?
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low lands, large areas of this country are below sea level, and the Dutch have used a system of dams, dikes, and canals to make polders
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polders
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reclaimed land from the sea
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What was "Unity"?
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american module (second piece of ISS) that contributed electrical data systems for the craft to the ISS
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Canada's contribution to the ISS
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robotic hand moving along truss to help conduct exp. and assemble/repair station
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What did European countries give to ISS
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lab to conduct 500 experiments
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Japan's contr. to ISS
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"back porch" on the Jap. Experiment Module for outerspace exps.
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How is the ISS primarily powered?
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solar power
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In... Russia launched the.... This marked...
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1998, first piece of ISS, start of new age in space exploration and colonization
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Zarya
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first module/piece of ISS
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what does Zarya mean?
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sunrise
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From where does Russia launch its space vehicles?
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Baikonur launch pad
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American astronaut _____ ______ said what about the first piece of the ISS?
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Michael Foale, during Cold war era, countries launched individually to show what they could do, now countries work together to show what wrld can do
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Mir
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Russia's space station destroyed in 2001
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ISS is about the size of...
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5 bed house
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The ..... launches its pieces of the ISS from the French Guiana.
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European Space Agency
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The European Space Agency launches its ISS pieces from... in...
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French Guiana in South Am.
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estimated total cost of ISS
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$100 billion
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America's estimated total cost for ISS
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$44 billion
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Russia charges.... for one of the __ seats aboard the...
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$20 million, 3, Soyuz spacecraft
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Dennis Tito
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world's first space tourist
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Mark Shuttleworth
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world's second space tourist, first African in space
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When did China conduct its first spacewalk?
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Sept. 2008
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_______ is not a member of the ISS project
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China
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orbital speed of ISS
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17,500 mph
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Why is it important for ppl in space to exercise?
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no gravity means bones/muscles have nothing to do, so they waste away
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time zones in Russia
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11
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___% of Russia's pop lives to the ___ of the _______
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80, west, Ural Mts (European side of Russia)
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practical reason for the onion dome arch style in Russia
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snow drops off (snows a lot)
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What is the Moscow subway known for?
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built in 1930s when Stalin was dict, try to show wrld how great Russia was, possibly finest subway in wrld
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Russia's space headquarters
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Star City, just outside Moscow
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Yuri Gagarin
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first human to go into outer space 1961
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Mir
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Russia's space station, completed in 1986
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St. Petersburg
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Russia's 2nd biggest city after Moscow
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St. Petersburg was known as...during...
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Leningrad, Communist era
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Winter Palace
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czar's palace in St. Petersburg
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The Winter Palace is now called....
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Hermitage
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Murmansk
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Russian port city, it's not frozen due to Gulf Stream current
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Today the Hermitage is used for...
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art museum
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The _______ ______ Empire ruled the northern part of the ______ for about __________ during _________.
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Austro-Hungarian, Balkans, 500 years, 20th century
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The _______ _______ Empire ruled the southern part of the _____ for about _____ years throughout ______
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Ottoman Turkish, Balkans, 500 yrs, 20th cent.
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The _______ drove the Ottoman Turks out of the ______.
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Serbians/Yugoslavs, Balkans
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In _____, the _______________ Ferdinand went to _________. Why?
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1914, Austro-Hungarian Archduke, Sarajevo, to talk peace with Serbians and prevent war
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What happened to Archduke Ferdinand? What happened after that?
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the Serbians assassinated him, WWI began
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The Peace Treaty of ______ ended WWI.
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Versailles
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What did the Peace Treaty of Versailles do to the Balkans?
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rewarded them with more land, which they called Yugoslavia
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The _______ committed the worst atrocities during the 3 way civil war in _______ (place) in the early ______.
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Serbians, Bosnia, 1900s
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The peace treaty that ended the three way civil war in Bosnia was signed in _________ (place) in __________ (year).
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Dayton, Ohio, 1995
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Muslim Albanians make up ___% of Kosovo.
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90
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What is Kosovo?
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southern Serbian state
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___________ make up 90% of Kosovo.
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Muslim Albanians
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Why did NATO attack Serbia in spring of ____?
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1999, get them to stop doing genocide against Muslim Albanians in Kosovo
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Iron Curtain Speech
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represented the fact that East European countries were Comm., Winston Churchill went to Missouri to make speech while German was split by Berlin wall
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Who was Winston Churchill?
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prime minister of England in 1942, came up with "iron curtain" slogan, said Europe divided into East and West in his Iron Curtain speech
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NATO
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response to the Warsaw Pact, stands for N. Atlantic Treaty Org., members were W. Europe, US, Canada, still exists today, made to defend from possible Comm. attacks
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Warsaw Pact, where was it signed?
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East European countries entered an alliance with USSR, signed in Warsaw (capital of Poland)
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New NATO members
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1999 former Comm. countries like Poland, Hungary, Czech Rep. joined, 2004 former USSR members join (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Slovakia)
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Balkans 3 facts
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1.nations in the Balkan Pen. share histories of internal division and foreign domination 2. many diff. ethnic groups live in the BP 3. great turmoil has characterized Balkan nations since end of Comm. there
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Bosnia
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when Iron curtain fell, very bad 3-way civil war b/w Serbians, Croatians, and Muslims broke out here
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IFOR
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means Implementation Force, NATO Operation: implementing Dayton Peace agreement
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Holocaust Deja Vu Kosovo
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deja vu=French term for repeat occurence, mini Holocaust in 1999 against Muslims in Kosovo
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Kosovar diaspora
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about 500,000 out of 1.5 million Muslims in Kosovo fled
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NATO Airwar was against...
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Serbia
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The NATO Air war started...and lasted...
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March 1999, 78 days
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Russian response to NATO air war
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Yeltzin was mad by cowardly NATO attacks against their friend Serbia
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Who was Yeltzin?
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first democratic pres. of Russia
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Kosovo Independence was gained in...
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Feb. 2008
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How did Kosovo get its independence?
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big countries like US recognized them, defended by NATO, made a Declaration of Ind.
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Serbia's response to Kosovo's dec. of ind.
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mad because they lost land, led to them attacking and burning the American Embassy in Belgrade b/c the US supported Kos.'s ind.
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