Europe Chapters 11-13

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CITY-STATE

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GREECE MOUNTAINOUS LANDSCAPE AND ITS CLOSENESS TO THE SEA INFLUENCED GREEKS TO FORM SEPARATE COMMUNITIES

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MIDDLE AGES

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PERIOD BETWEEN ANCIENT AND MODERN TIMES

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FEUDALISM

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SYSTEM IN WHICH MONARCHS OR LORDS GAVE LAND TO NOBLES IN RETURN FOR PLEDGES OF LOYALTY

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CRUSADES

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A SERIES OF BRUTAL RELIGIOUS WARS

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RENAISSANCE

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A 300 YEAR PERIOD OF DISCOVERY AND LEARNING

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REFORMATION

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LESSONED POWER OF ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH INCREASED PRODUCTION OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS

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ENLIGHTENMENT

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POLITICAL ECONOMIC REVOLUTIONS THAT SWEPT THE ENTIRE REGION

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INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM

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ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH BUSINESS LEADERS USED PROFITS TO EXPAND THEIR COMPANIES

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COMMUNISM

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PHILOSOPHY THAT CALLED FOR A SOCIETY BASED ON ECONOMIC EQUALITY IN WHICH THE WORKERS WOULD CONTROL FACTORIES AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

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REPARATIONS

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PAYMENT FOR DAMAGES

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HOLOCAUST

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MASS KILLING OF MORE THAN 6 MILLION EUROPEAN JEWS AND OTHERS BY GERMAN NAZI LEADERS

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COLD WAR

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POWER STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE COMMUNIST WORLD

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DIALECT

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LOCAL FORM OF A LANGUAGE USED IN A PARTICULAR PLACE OR BY A CERTAIN GROUP

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LANGUAGE FAMILY

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GROUP OF RELATED LANGUAGES THAT DEVELOPED FROM EARLIER LANGUAGE

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GOOD FRIDAY PEACE AGREEMENT

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PAVED THE WAY FOR PROTESTANTS AND ROMAN CATHOLIC COMMUNITIES TO SHARE POLITICAL POWER

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ROMANTICISM

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1500'S AND 1600'S ARTISTS (DELACROIX, SCOTT, BEETHOVEN) REFLECTED
EMOTIONS, STIRRING HISTORICAL EVENTS AND THE EXOTIC

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REALISM

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ARTISTIC STYLE THAT FOCUSED ON ACCURATELY DEPICTING THE DETAILS OF EVERYDAY LIFE

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IMPRESSIONIST

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FRENCH PAINTERS MOVED OUT OF DOORS TO CAPTURE IMMEDIATE EXPERIENCES OR "IMPRESSIONS"

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WELFARE STATE

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SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY SWEDEN

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EUROPEAN UNION (EU)

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UNITES MUCH OF WESTERN EUROPE INTO 1 TRADING COMMUNITY GREATER VOLUME OF TRADE THAN ANY SINGLE COUNTRY

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MASTRICHT TREATY

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SET UP EUROPEAN UNION VARIOUS EUROPEAN MET IN MASTRICHT AND SIGNED TREATY

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HEAVY INDUSTRY

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MANUFACTURE OF MACHINERY AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

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LIGHT INDUSTRY

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MAKING TEXTILES OR PROCESSING FOOD

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MIXED FARMING

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RAISING SEVERAL KINDS OF CROPS AND LIVESTOCK ON THE SAME FARM

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FARM COOPERATIVE

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ORGANIZATIONS WHERE FARMERS SHARE IN GROWING AND SELLING PRODUCTS, REDUCES COSTS AND INCREASES PROFITS

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COLLECTIVE FARM

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GETTING WAGES PLUS A SHARE OF THE PROFITS AND PRODUCTS

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STATE FARM

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NOT SHARING IN THE PROFITS BUT GETTING WAGES LIKE FACTORY WORKERS

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GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD

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FOODS WITH GENES ALTERED TO MAKE THEM GROW BIGGER, FASTER OR BE MORE RESISTANT TO PESTS

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ORGANIC FARMING

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NATURAL SUBSTANCES INSTEAD OF FERTILIZERS

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DRY FARMING

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FARMING IN DRY AREAS THAT PRODUCES CROPS WITHOUT ANY IRRIGATION

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ACID RAIN

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ACID PRODUCING CHEMICALS, COMBINED WITH MOISTURE IN THE AIR

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MELTWATER

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MELTING SNOW AND ICE CARRIES ACID RAIN INTO LAKES AND RIVERS

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ACID DEPOSITION

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WET OR DRY AIR POLLUTION THAT FALLS TO THE GROUND HARMS ENVIRONMENT AND HISTORIC BUILDINGS

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ENVIRONMENTALIST

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PEOPLE CONCERNED WITH THE QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT

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GREENHOUSE EFFECT

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CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER GASES TRAP THE SUN'S HEAT NEAR THE EARTH'S SURFACE

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GLOBAL WARMING

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BY YEAR 2100 THE AVERAGE TEMPS MAY RISE 2.5 DEGREES TO 10.4 DEGREES F

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BIOLOGISTS

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SCIENTISTS WHO STUDY PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE