Europe: Chapter 1 Terms

Front 1

primate city

Back 1

a country’s largest city, most expressive of the national culture and usually the capital city as well (but not always)

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conurbation

Back 2

general term used to identify a large multimetropolitan complex formed by the coalescence of two or more major urban areas

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supranationalism

Back 3

a venture involving 3 or more states—political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives

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devolution

Back 4

the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government

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shatter-belt

Back 5

region caught between stronger, colliding external-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (ex. Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe)

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infrastructure

Back 6

the foundations of a society—urban centers, transport networks, communications, energy distribution systems, postal systems, farms, factories, mines, schools, hospitals, and police and armed forces

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Balkanization

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the fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile political units

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centripetal forces

Back 8

forces that unite and bind a country together, such as a strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith

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centrifugal forces

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forces that tend to divide a country, such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences

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continentiality

Back 10

the variation of the continental effect on air temperatures in the interior portions of the world’s landmasses—the greater the distance from the moderating influence of an ocean, the greater the extreme in summer and winter temperatures

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break-of-bulk port

Back 11

a location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another—cargoes of oceangoing ships are unloaded and put on trains, trucks, or smaller river boats for inland distribution

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irredentism

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a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a state aimed at a community of its nations living in a neighboring state

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most populous country in Europe

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Germany

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3 largest German cities

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Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg

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highest labor costs in Europe

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Germany

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only self-sufficient country in Europe

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France

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has more nuclear plants than any other country

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France

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among most densely populated region on earth

Back 18

Benelux countries

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headquarters of European Union

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Brussels, Belgium

Front 20

triangular urban core of the Netherlands

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Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague

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highest per-capita GNI in Europe

Back 21

Luxembourg

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Alpine States

Back 22

Switzerland and Austria

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Western Europe

Back 23

Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria

Front 24

leading state in Alpine region

Back 24

Switzerland

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Geneva

Back 25

one of most international cities in the world

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Zurich

Back 26

financial sector

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British Isles

Back 27

Wales, Scotland, England, Ireland

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UK's most affluent subregion

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Southern England

Front 29

Midlands were focus of Industrial Revolution

Back 29

Northern England

Front 30

abundance of coal reserves, part of UK

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Wales

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world class shipbuilding industry

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Scotland

Front 32

trouble between Protestants and Catholics

Back 32

Northern Ireland

Front 33

fastest-growing service-based industry in all of Europe

Back 33

Republic of Ireland

Front 34

Northern Europe

Back 34

Iceland, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Estonia

Front 35

largest Nordic country in population and territory

Back 35

Sweden

Front 36

second-lowest unemployment rate in Europe

Back 36

Norway

Front 37

economy transformed by the discovery of oil in North Sea

Back 37

Norway

Front 38

2nd largest population in Nordic Europe

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Denmark

Front 39

triangle of population in Finland

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Helsinki, Turku, Tampere

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northern most of Baltic States

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Estonia

Front 41

one of highest standards of living due to seafood harvest

Back 41

Iceland

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Mediterranean Europe

Back 42

Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Cyprus

Front 43

most populous of Mediterranean states

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Italy

Front 44

economically most advanced in Mediterranean states

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Italy

Front 45

split into two countries, a progressive north and a stagnant south

Back 45

Italy

Front 46

Italy's largest city and industrial center

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Milan

Front 47

decentralized its government and formed the Autonomous Communities

Back 47

Spain

Front 48

benefits greatly from EU as far as industrialization

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Portugal

Front 49

mainly agricultural economy; lead producer of cork

Back 49

Portugal

Front 50

one of Europe's most congested and polluted urban areas

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Athens

Front 51

less than 3% of land is farmable

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Greece

Front 52

source of controversy between Greeks and Turks

Back 52

Cyprus

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countries facing Baltic Sea

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Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus

Front 54

larger than all other states combined in Eastern Europe

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Poland

Front 55

highest growing rate among European states in 2003

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Lithuania

Front 56

economy is improved but geared towards Moscow

Back 56

Latvia

Front 57

large industrial center in Minsk

Back 57

Belarus

Front 58

the Landlocked Center

Back 58

Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary

Front 59

leaders in technology and engineering in the East

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Czech republic

Front 60

split from the Czech Republic

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Slovakia

Front 61

has incident of irredentism

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Hungary

Front 62

Countries Facing the Black Sea

Back 62

Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria,

Front 63

Eastern Europe's most populous country

Back 63

Ukraine

Front 64

largest state in entire realm territorially

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Ukraine

Front 65

Europe's poorest country

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Moldova

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stagnant economy, in debt

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Romania

Front 67

does not generate much external trade

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Bulgaria

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Countries Facing Adriatic Sea

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Croatia, Albania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Serbia

Front 69

highest per capital GNI in "countries facing Adriatic Sea"

Back 69

Slovenia

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serb minority

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Croatia

Front 71

multicultural, landlocked, faced a lot of ethnic problems

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Bosnia

Front 72

southern most Adriatic state

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Macedonia

Front 73

only dominantly Muslim state in Europe

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Albania

Front 74

fastest rate of population growth in realm of Adriatic states

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Albania