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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 9 animal and extra 2 plant organelles present in eukaryotic cells?
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Animal and Plant: Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), ribosomes, golgi body, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes, microtubules, plasma membrane
Plant only: Chloroplast, cell wall |
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Outline the nucleus, including what it contains and its function
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Contains CHROMATIN (Loosely coiled form of chromosomes which contain DNA)
DNA controls cell activities and inheritance and MANUFACTURERS RIBOSOMES Double membrane (forming nuclear envelope) regulates the passage of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm The membrane is selectively permeable |
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Outline the endoplasmic reticulum, including what it contains and its function
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It is a system of fluid-containing channels enclosed in a membrane (learn)
Rough ER: These channels are flattened, studded with ribosomes; they transport PROTEINS and PRODUCE VESICLES that fuse with the golgi body Smooth ER: These channels are more tube-like, have no attached ribosomes and produce and transport LIPIDS. |
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Outline the ribosomes, including what it contains and its function
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Made of RNA, site of protein synthesis. About 20 nanometres in diameter
Might be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to ER. They are smaller in prokaryotic cells |
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Outline the golgi body, including what it contains and its function
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The golgi body collects, modifies and packages proteins from the ER. Vesicles produced then transport these proteins to other parts of the cell or out of the cell.
Enzyme-containing vesicles kept by the cell are lysosomes. Substances secreted from the cell from other golgi vesicles include mucin, found in mucus, and digestive enzymes The bottom part is called the Cysternae |
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Outline the mitochondria, including what it contains and its function
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Mitochondria are bound by DOUBLE MEMBRANES enclosing a matrix, they have an inner membrane folded into finger-like 'cristae'. This increase the available surface area into which enzymes and other proteins, that are used in aerobic respiration, can be embedded.
The DNA and ribosomes present are used in making some of the enzymes needed for aerobic respiration, different stages of which occur in different parts of the organelle |
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Outline the centrioles, including what they contain and their function
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They are spindle fibres, formed from the MICROTUBULES of those paired centrioles during cell division
The microtubules, which make up the centrioles, are composed of TUBULIN molecules |
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Outline the lysosomes, including what they contain and their function
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These VESICLES contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes that are PRODUCED by the golgi body.
They are used to digest old or damaged cell organelles, bacterial, and, on cell death, the whole cell. |
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Outline the microtubules, including what they contain and their function
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They are involved in durecting the movement of materials and vesicles around the cell, microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton that controls cell shape and movement.
The roles of the cytoskeleton include: Structural support, cell movement, the organisation of activities in the cell e.g. the movement of vesicles through the cytoplasm A small part of the microtubules is called a tubulin :) |
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Outline the plasma membrane, including what it contains and its function?
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This barrier, made mainly of PHOSPHOLIPID and protein polecules, separates the cytoplasm from the surroundings of the cell. It regulates the flow of certain substances as they pass in and out of the cell. Similar membranes around eukaryotic cell organelles separate their contents from the cytoplasm
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PLANT: Outline the chloroplast, including what it contains and its function
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Chloroplasts are bound by a double membrane and is the site of photosynthesis. Its stoma is packed with GRANA, stacks of infolded inner membrane. Granal membranes, packed with chlorophyll, absorb light. The stacking of the grana, and their arrangement in a mosaic pattern within the stoma ensures that most of the light entering a chloroplast strikes chlorophyll and is absorbed.
A single granum is called a THYLAKOID |
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PLANT: Outline the cell wall, including what it contains and its function
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The cell wall includes strong interwoven cellulose fibrils which provide plant cells with shape and support.
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