Eukaryotic Cells

Front 1

A type of transport found in eukaryotes that uses endocytosis or
exocytosis to acquire nutrients and secrete waste products by
creating a vesicle.

Back 1

bulk transport

Front 2

A process through which a cell engulfs a large molecule to
acquire nutrients.

Back 2

endocytosis

Front 3

A component within an organelle that translates proteins.

Back 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 4

A component within an organelle that packages materials to be
secreted through exocytosis.

Back 4

Golgi apparatus

Front 5

The general term for any type of molecule a receptor binds to.

Back 5

ligand

Front 6

Meaning “false foot,” a portion of the cell that extends to engulf
unwanted material during the process of phagocytosis.

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pseudopodia

Front 7

Five organelles in the eukaryotic cells are

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nuclei
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
vacuoles.

Front 8

The defining characteristic of a eukaryotic cell is the________?

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nuclei.

Front 9

What is a lysosome?

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A lysosome is a eukaryotic organelle that is full of toxic chemicals and degradative enzymes. When a phagocyte phagocytoses a microbe, the lysosome and phagosome fuse so that the lysosomal contents can kill and degrade the microbe.

Front 10

A class of hyphae that lacks cross-walls.

Back 10

aseptate

Front 11

The polysaccharide that composes the cell walls of most fungi.

Back 11

chitin

Front 12

A type of fungi that uses organic material made by other cells.

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heterotrophic

Front 13

In molds, long chains of hairlike connected cells; can be divided
into two classes: septate and aseptate.

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hyphae

Front 14

Fuzzy masses of hyphae.

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mycelia

Front 15

A type of fungi that obtains nutrients from dead organic material.

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saprobes

Front 16

A class of hyphae that contains cross-walls separating individual
cells.

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septate

Front 17

All fungi are heterotrophs meaning they:

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use preformed (living or dead) organic material nutritionally. Saprobes are fungi that require their nutrients to come specifically from dead organic material.

Front 18

An important nonmedical role of Fungi?

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Fungi break down organic material into forms that are reusable by other living things.

Front 19

______ have single, round cells.

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Yeast

Front 20

________ grow in long chains.

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Molds

Front 21

What is the main function of fungal spores?

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Spores allow widespread dissemination of the organisms.

Front 22

Fungal cell walls are composed of _______________?

Back 22

polysaccharide chitin.

Front 23

The major lipid of fungi is ______________?

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ergosterol.

Front 24

Algae that produce a silicon structural matrix that settles to the
bottom of the ocean when the organisms die.

Back 24

diatoms

Front 25

An infectious form produced by sporozoa, a type of protozoan
with no appendages.

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sporozoite

Front 26

The vegetative, or growing form, of a protozoan during its
lifetime.

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trophozoite

Front 27

The three groups of the kingdom Protista are

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algae
protozoa
slime molds

Front 28

What role do algea play in marine life?

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Algae along with other organisms in plankton, use the Sun’s energy to produce most of the organic material and oxygen available in the ocean. They are primary food sources for many of the ocean’s inhabitants.

Front 29

Algal cell walls are mainly composed of ___________?

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cellulose. Agar and pectin are also present. Members of the diatom subgroup of algae have a silicon cell wall similar to silicon found in glass and rocks.

Front 30

Protozoans are classified according to their

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locomotion apparatus.

Front 31

How do cellular and acellular slime molds differ?

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Cellular slime molds grow in groups of individual cells, whereas acellular slime molds grow into a plasmodium, a giant cell containing many nuclei.

Front 32

Flea vectors transmit ____________.

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plague

Front 33

Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick transmits

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Rickettsia rickettsii, which causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

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Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) transmits

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Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease

Front 35

part of cell vital in energy production

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mitochondria (Ch 6)

Front 36

secretion of whole antibody molecules

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exocytosis

Front 37

small membrane sac used in enocytosis and exocytosis; forms when cell receptor binds to ligand

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Vesicle

Front 38

the three classifications of fungi

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1. Mold
2. Yeast
3. Mushrooms

(ch. 7)

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broad grouping of eukaryotes other than plants, animals and fungi; include algae, protozoans and slime molds.

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Protist (Ch. 8)

Front 40

term that comes from phtyo meaning plant and plankton meaning drifting; found in salt H2O and includes algae.

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phytoplankton

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uses energy from sunlight to convert CO2 and H2O into carbs (photosynthesis) and O2.

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chloraphyll

Front 42

4 classifications of protozoans (based on motility appendages)

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1. flagellates (have flagella)
2. Ciliates (have cilia)
3. ameoba (pseudopodia; crawls)
4. sporozoites (no appendages)

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vegetative, growing form of protozoa

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trophozoite

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resting or dormant form of protozoa that is more resistant to drying, decreased temps and food scarcity

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cyst

Front 45

type of mold that produce spores and grow in fungi habitats, but are not classified as fungi d/t motility.

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slime mold

Front 46

Mold similar to slime mold except for flagellation of reproductive cells

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H20 mold

Front 47

carriers of pathogens

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vectors (Ch. 9)

Front 48

transmit trench fever, typhus and relapsing fever.

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head and body lice

Front 49

transmit rickettsial pox

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mites

Front 50

How do mosquitoes transmit pathogens

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pathogen migrates to salivary gland where it replicates.

Front 51

organelles that contain cloraphyll

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chloroplasts