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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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president of european council
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herman von rompuy
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president of european commission
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jose manuel barroso
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G-20
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hosted in Seoul nov 11-12 2010
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Korea-EU trade
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8th largest EU trading partner/ 2nd largest export destination of Korea
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Framework Agreement
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provides basis for strengthened cooperation, including on major political and global issues. Signed 10 MAY 2010
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examples of FA
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joint promotion of human rights, non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, counter-terrorism, climate change, development assistance, etc)
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FDI
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EU remains single largest foreign investor in Korea cumulatively since 1962
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Global Europe Initiative
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first of the new generation of FTAs launched in 2007
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removal of customs duties
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Consumers will benefit from lower
prices and exporters from strengthened competiveness. |
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NTB
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non-tariff barriers
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largest sector where duties are saved
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Machinery and Appliances - gains close to €450 million
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second largest beneficiary of FTA
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Chemical sector with a relief of €175 million worth of duties, of which €143 million already at entry into force
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most sensitive industrial products
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passenger cars with small sized
engines, consumer electronics including TV sets, video recorders and LCD monitors, the EU customs duties will only be fully liberalised in year 5 of the agreement. A number of other sensitive goods, including cars with large or medium engines, have a 3 year liberalisation period |
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bilateral safeguard clause
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allows either party to
reintroduce temporarily the tariffs applied to WTO members in case an increase of imports would cause or threaten serious injury |
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president of European parliament
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Jerzy Buzek
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Executive Training Programme in Korea (ETP Korea)
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a 9 months-long, Korea-based scheme for European managers, aimed at providing executives with the business knowledge, cultural understanding and basic linguistic skills needed to operate successfully in Korea's business environment.
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SEA 1986
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set objective of Single Market by ’92; introduced consultation procedure; extended QMV; was subject to Danish and Irish referendums
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TEU 1992
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aka Maastricht Treaty; created pillar structure; leads to creation of euro/eurozone
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Treaty of Amsterdam 1997
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emphasis on citizenship and individual rights; more power for EP; community area of freedom, security and justice; introduced high representative for foreign policy
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Treaty of Nice 2001
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rejected at first by Irish ref; increased # of seats in EP; first mention of reducing # of commissioners; created lower subsidiary courts
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Deepening
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integration
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Widening
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enlargement
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Democratic deficit
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democratic institutions falling short of fulfilling parliamentary democracy; national executives concentrate too much power at EU level; EP is too weak; Commissioners appointed
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Doctrine of supremacy
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EU laws take supremacy over national law if it falls under exclusive competence of EU; developed by CofJ
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Doctrine of direct effect:
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certain pieces of EU legislation enforceable before MS courts; established by C of J; applied to legislation adopted by regulations and directives
Criteria: 1) previsions must be sufficiently clear and precise; must be unconditional or non dependent; provision must confer a specific right for citizen to base claim on |
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Enhanced cooperation
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minimum 8 MS can integrate in a specific area within EU structures without the other MS (has never been used)
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ECB
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European Central Bank; established 1998; monetary policy for Eurozone; maintain price stability/keep inflation low; current president is Jean-Claude Trichet
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EEA
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European Economic Area, 1994; composed of EU MS and Iceland, Liechenstein, Norway (aka EU + EFTA minus Switzerland); allows EFTA to participate in single market without joining EU
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EPC
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European Political Cooperation, 1970; pre-Maastricht Treaty was EU foreign policy coordination; intergovernmental
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Financial Perspective
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7 year framework for spending; common budget 1.045% GDP
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FYROM
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Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; member of UN, WTO, Council of Europe, OSCE; EU candidate since 2005; current naming dispute w/ Greece
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Green Paper
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released by Commission to stimulate debate and launch consolidation process; range of ideas; meant for variety of people/organizations to contribute ideas
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White Paper
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released by Commission; proposals for EU action in specific area
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IGC
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Intergovernmental Conference; formal procedure for negotiating amendments to EU founding treaties; called into being by E Council and Commission
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JHA
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now known as Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters; 3rd pillar; cooperation in law enforcement; intergovernmental—little input from Commission, Parliament, Courts; asylum, borders, immigration, intl fraud and drugs, judicial cooperation in civil and penal matters etc.
Agencies included: Eurojust, Europol, European Police College |
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Schengenland
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1985; all EU states minus UK and Ireland; includes Switzerland (now), Norway, Iceland; removes systemic border controls between Schengen countries; Treaty of Amsterdam
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Laeken Declaration of 2001
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aka Future of the European Union; main issues were JHA, EU seats, introduction of euro, EU enlargement; established European Convention
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Luxembourg Compromise 1966
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Hallstein (Germany, Commission president)—wants extension of Commission’s powers, more supranational, increase QMV. De Gaulle (France)—opposes Hallstein; wants CAP financing agreement; other leaders against him and he is forced to accept entire Hallstein package.
Results in “Empty Chair Crisis” |
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Jean Monnet
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authored Schuman Plan to create ECSC
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Robert Schuman
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“Father of Europe”; 1st President of European Parliamentary Assembly
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Altiero Spinelli
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Ventotene Manifesto, Towards a Free and United Europe; after the war, Europe should unite rather than return to established European system—promote federation by democratic powers
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EU citizenship rights
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amended EC Treaty; free movement and residence, right to apply to work in any position; right to vote; right to stand in local and EU elections in any MS (doesn’t apply to natl elections); right to diplomatic or consular protection by any MS; right to petition EP; right to apply to the E Ombudsman; right to apply to any EC institution in any official language, receive reply in same language
*full rights to Western citizens; limited rights for Easern citizens to be fazed out |
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Crocodile Club
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intergroup; favor integration and more EP powers; founded in 1990 by 9 MEPs (incl. Spinelli)
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Marshall Plan
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US Sec of State George Marshall; rebuilding Europe and strengthen W European foundation; erased tarrif trade barriers; increases economic integration
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EAGGF
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European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund; established 1962; finances agricultural market organizations, rural development, rural measures outside Objective 1, some veterinary expenditure, info measures re: CAP
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WTO
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World Trade Organization; supervise and liberalize intl trade; 1995; 153 members
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Walter Hallstein
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first president of Commission of EEC, 1958-1967; German; promoted federal Europe, strong Commission and Parliament, opposed de Gaulle’s ideas
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Yaoundé Agreement:
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between EC and African states, Madagascar, Mauritius; 1st association agreement between EC and ex-colonies
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ACP states
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Group of African, Caribbean, Pacific countries; countries that signed Lome Convention w/ Commission; based on system of tariff preferences giving countries access to European market and funds that maintain price stability
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Euratom
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European Atomic Energy Community, est. 1957; now controlled by European Community pillar; aimed to create market for nuclear power
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Eurozone
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16—AUS, BEL, CYP, FIN, FR, GER, GRE, IRE, IT, LUX, MAL, NDL, PRT, SK, SL, SP; monetary policy by ECB, no united fiscal policy; Jean Claude Juncker Euro Group President; euro introduced 2002
Denmark and UK have opted-out via Maastricht Treaty; legally exempt Sweden opts out using legal loophole State must spend 2 years in ERM II before joining |
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Charles De Gaulle
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French President 59-69; “Free Europe”; confederation of European nations would restore great European empires; EEC with Germany; vetoed twice Britain’s entry to EEC
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Hague Summit 1969
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community needs economic and monetary union w/in 10 years progressively; open negotiations on enlargement
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Association Treaty
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any treaty between EU and non-EU country that creates framework for cooperation; includes political, trade, social, cultural, security
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Lisbon Strategy
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aka Lisbon Agenda/Process; aim to make EU “most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion, and respect for the environment by 2010”; to combat low productivity and stagnation of economic growth
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HR for FA and SP
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coordinator for Common Foreign and Security Policy; est. in Treaty of Amsterdam; currently held by Ashton; can negotiate on areas agreed upon by all MS, doubles as Secretary General of Council
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Eurogroup
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17 countries that participate in euro zone. Presided by Jean-Claude Juncker. (Current prime minister of Luxembourg.
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European council
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made up of heads of governments of states: Merkel, Sarkozy./ has responsibility of giving EU political direction
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Head of European Council
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Herman von Rompuy
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Cotonou Agreement
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EU and relations with African, Caribbean, and Pacific states (DEVELOPMENT)
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COURT OF JUSTICE
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Interprets and applies EU law
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COURT OF AUDITORS
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Financial watchdog of EU
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EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK
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Heads up ECB and national central banks, Maintain price stability (keep inflation low), Conducts monetary policy
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Economic and Social Committee
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gives informed advice
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two series of conditions
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binding force of the norm and content of the norm
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one always relies on a directive against...
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the other party, not the judge!
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what is the direct effect of international agreements
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EU, under Lisbon, has right to make international contracts which can negotiate with 3rd parties outside the US or can only give power if MS give power to EU, since certain areas MS gave sovereignty away
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what is the direct effect against directives?
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Directive calls on MS or a a legal binding act. Question is if MS don't implement it it, is it possible that companies or citizens can object to them if maybe state hasn't transferred them into national law?
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Liability of MS for having breached of EU law
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if you go to court against a MS you can get get the MS to put in a directive
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