Ethno 50A Final Review

Front 1

Benny Goodman

Back 1

Benny Goodman played the clarinet. His orchestra played “Sing, Sing, Sing”. His orchestra included drummer Gene Krupa. His Sextet played “Seven come Eleven”. His Sextet included pianist Fletcher Henderson and guitarist Charlie Christian; "King of Swing"; First to integrate band (Goodman himself was white, Teddy Wilson was a black pianist); Hired Fletcher Henderson

Front 2

Count Basie

Back 2

Was a pianist. He had his own orchestra. Was also part of Benny Moten’s Kansas City Orchestra. His orchestra played “Sent for you yesterday (and here you come today)” and “Jumpin’ at the Woodside”. His orchestra included tenor saxophonist Lester Young, guitarist Freddie Green, bass player Walter Page, drummer Jo Jones and vocalist Jimmy Rushing.

Front 3

Jimmie Lunceford

Back 3

Black; alto saxophone with a grossly oversized baton; Led Jimmie Lunceford orchestra; "Precision, polish, and presentation"

Front 4

Fletcher Henderson

Back 4

Was a pianist. Was part of Benny Goodman’s Sextet after his stint as the leader of his band; Black; Arranged King Porter Stump

Front 5

Don Redman

Back 5

Arranger for Henderson (Copenhagen, etc)

Front 6

Benny Carter

Back 6

Arranger for Basie; Lead alto saxophone player who occasionally played trumpet

Front 7

Nat “King” Cole

Back 7

Piano (mainly); Also a vocalist and a leader of Nat King Cole Trio; "Lush Life"

Front 8

Glenn Miller

Back 8

Trombone; Played trombone in the Pit Orchestra early in his career; Was a trombonist/arranger for Dorsey Brothers orchestra; Arranging a voice that saxophone would play while highest notes would be given to a clarinet; Put in a charge of Airman of Note; Also was a leader

Front 9

Tommy Dorsey

Back 9

Trombone; Featured soloist; Changed the role of trombone to a melody carrying instrument

Front 10

Woody Herman

Back 10

Bandleader; "The band that plays the blues"; Woody Herman's Herd

Front 11

Tommy Dorsey's recording of “Blue Skies”

Back 11

With Frank Sinatra as a singer

Front 12

Bing Crosby:

Back 12

Sang for Paul Whiteman; became solo

Front 13

Jimmy Rushing:

Back 13

Was a vocalist part of Count Basie and his orchestra.

Front 14

Frank Sinatra -

Back 14

Began as a big band singer for Tommy Dorsey, etc; "Blue Skies"; natural phrasing, rich baritone, jazzy inflections, etc

Front 15

Henry "Red" Allen -

Back 15

Trumpet and vocal; First to fully incorporate innovations of Louis Armstrong

Front 16

Freddie Keppard -

Back 16

Trumpet

Front 17

Roy Eldridge -

Back 17

"Lil jazz"; Trumpet; Connected Armstrong approach with modern style

Front 18

Bunny Berigan -

Back 18

Trumpeter for Tommy Dorsey's band; Berigan's solo in "Marie" was popular

Front 19

The definition of “swing” -

Back 19

Rhythmic bounce/groove; syncopation

Front 20

The two bandleaders most often credited with smoothing the transition from Early jazz to Swing -

Back 20

Paul Whiteman, Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington

Front 21

the "Father" of jazz tenor saxophone -

Back 21

Coleman Hawkins

Front 22

another name for the jitterbug -

Back 22

Lindy Hop

Front 23

the most celebrated ballrooms in New York during the swing era

Back 23

Savoy

Front 24

John Hammond

Back 24

Discovered artists such as Billie Holiday, Count Basie, Teddy Wilson, Charlie Christian, etc; Talent scout and promoter (Also promoted Fletcher Henderson, Bunny Berigan, Red Norvo, Benny Carter, Chu Berry, Lester Young, etc); Organized concerts of African American music in Carnegie Hall

Front 25

Ben Webster:

Back 25

Tenor saxophonist part of Duke Ellington and His Orchestra; Also played for Count Basie

Front 26

Coleman Hawkins -

Back 26

Considered first important tenor saxophone player; "Body and Soul"; pioneer of tenor saxophone; bombs (Pronounced or unexpected accent); Played with Henderson

Front 27

Lester Young:

Back 27

Was a tenor saxophonist part of Count Basie and his orchestra; soloist (Pres)

Front 28

Earl Hines -

Back 28

Piano; known for improvisation with a trumpet style and a horn-like phrasing (Playing countermelody on the left hand while playing a single-note melody line on the right hand)

Front 29

Chick Webb -

Back 29

Short, hunchbacked bandleader; more or less a house band for Savoy; Hired Fitzgerald in 1935

Front 30

Artie Shaw and his Orchestra:

Back 30

Artie Shaw played the clarinet. His orchestra played “Begin the Beguine”; "King of Clarinet"; Signed Billy Holiday in 1938; Buddy Ridge (violin), Roy Eldridge (Trumpet)

Front 31

Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra -

Back 31

Had Frank Sinatra

Front 32

Benny Moten's Kansas City Orchestra:

Back 32

They Played “Moten Swing”. His orchestra included bass player Walter Page and pianist Count Basie.

Front 33

Jimmie Lunceford and His Orchestra -

Back 33

Started as a high school band in Memphis as a Chickasaw Syncopator; Many people left the band because when members wanted a raise, he let them go

Front 34

Teddy Wilson -

Back 34

Black pianist for Benny Goodman; "Most important pianist of the swing era"; combined Hines and Tatum; subtle, reserved

Front 35

Don Byas -

Back 35

Tenor saxophone; high level of harmonic sophistication

Front 36

Django Reinhardt -

Back 36

Guiatr; played an acoustic guitar

Front 37

Art Tatum -

Back 37

Piano; inventive reharmonization; blind; "runs" (fast-paced streams of notes) in the right hand

Front 38

Charlie Christian:

Back 38

Was a guitarist and composer. Was part of Benny Goodman’s Sextet. Composed Seven come Eleven; Pioneer of amplified guitar (Eddie Durham played before though)

Front 39

Jo Jones:

Back 39

Was a drummer part of Count Basie and his Orchestra; All-American rhythm section; used hi-hat cymbal for syncopation using bass drum just for accents

Front 40

Sonny Greer:

Back 40

Drummer part of Duke Ellinton and his orchestra; Duke's first drummer

Front 41

Gene Krupa:

Back 41

He played the drums. Was part of “Benny Goodman and his orchestra”. Played “Sing, Sing, Sing”; led his own band later

Front 42

Freddie Green:

Back 42

Was a guitarist part of Count Basie and his orchestra; strummed on all four beats

Front 43

Erroll Garner -

Back 43

Piano; Best known for "Misty"

Front 44

Bennie Moten -

Back 44

From Kansas City; Black; Piano; Had several bands touring under his name; Raided other bands; first bandleader to use the word "swing" in his title of the song

Front 45

Jimmy Blanton:

Back 45

Bass player part of Duke Ellington and his orchestra; one of first bass player to improvise; Blanton Webster band

Front 46

Clark Terry -

Back 46

Trumpet player for Count Basie and Duke Ellington

Front 47

Cootie Williams

Back 47

: Trumpter player part of Duke Ellington and His orchestra.

Front 48

Walter Page:

Back 48

Was a bass player and was part of “Benny Moten’s Kansas City Orchestra” and “Count Basie and his orchestra”; All-American Rhythm Section; played walking bass (Producing a steady beat while playing and connecting notes of a chord progression); led Blue Devils at one point

Front 49

Joe “Tricky Sam” Nanton:

Back 49

Trombonist part of Duke Ellington and his orchestra; Used plunger and mute to create almost a voice like sound

Front 50

Mary Lou Williams -

Back 50

Boogie Woogie pianist at first; composer/arranger for Goodman, Herman, Ellington

Front 51

Jimmy Hamilton -

Back 51

Clarinet for Ellington

Front 52

Kat Anderson -

Back 52

high-note trumpet specialist for Ellington

Front 53

Neal Hefti -

Back 53

Trumpet, composer, tune writer, arranger

Front 54

Juan Tizol:

Back 54

Valve trombonist part of Duke Ellington and his orchestra

Front 55

Billy Strayhorn -

Back 55

Second composer/arranger/pianist; Joined Ellington and collaborated with him; Grew up in Pittsburg; Molded the modern Ellingtonian sound; Influential in writing "sweets"; soft-spoken; homosexual

Front 56

Ray Nance -

Back 56

Trumpet for Ellington; also sang, played violin, and danced

Front 57

Frank Foster -

Back 57

Tenor saxophonist for Count Basie

Front 58

Sidney Bechet -

Back 58

Saxophone, clarinet, brought jazz to Europe (Soprano saxophone)

Front 59

Johnny Hodges:

Back 59

Alto saxophonist part of Duke Ellington and his orchestra.

Front 60

Red Norvo -

Back 60

Xylophone; A gentle sonic sound of subtle surprises

Front 61

Sweet bands -

Back 61

Bands that featured minimal improvisation; many white bands were called this

Front 62

Riff bands

Back 62

Band that played riff

Front 63

Hot bands -

Back 63

Bands that featured a lot of improvisation

Front 64

Territory bands -

Back 64

Regional big band; over 5000; "Blue Devils"

Front 65

Grand Terrace -

Back 65

Sunset Café; Chicago

Front 66

Savoy Ballroom -

Back 66

Dance room in New York

Front 67

Aragon Ballroom -

Back 67

Dance room in Chicago

Front 68

Roseland Ballroom -

Back 68

Where Fletcher Henderson played in the house band; Opened in New York in 1919 and set a boom in dance halls

Front 69

the members of the first integrated jazz group -

Back 69

Benny Goodman (White, clarinet), Teddy Wilson (Black, piano), Charlie Christian, Lionel Hampton (Vibrophone)

Front 70

theme song of the Duke Ellington Orchestra:

Back 70

"Take the A Train"

Front 71

Count Basie’s rhythm section -

Back 71

Freddy Green on rhythm guitar, Walter Page on walking bass, Jo Jones on drum

Front 72

Big band instrumentation -

Back 72

2 alto, 2 tenor, 1 baritone saxophone; 3~4 trombone; 4 trumpet; one player per instrument for rhythm

Front 73

Ella Fitzgerald and the famous bands that she sang with:

Back 73

Chick Webb

Front 74

Orchestration -

Back 74

The assignment of instruments to the raw melodies and harmonies of a composition, affecting the color and texture of a performance

Front 75

Vocalese -

Back 75

The application of lyrics to an existing instrument solo

Front 76

Head arrangement

Back 76

Arrangement that can be memorized in a head

Front 77

Theme song

Back 77

The song or tune with which a musician or band is most associated

Front 78

Band book arrangement -

Back 78

Standard, published orchestration of a tune

Front 79

What two characteristics made “Swing,” what are the specifics of those characteristics, and who were the main contributers?

Back 79

Rhythmic bounce/groove; syncopation, greater flowing, looseness; Louis Armstrong and Fletcher Henderson

Front 80

How was Kansas City swing different from swing of other regions? What musical elements came from the Kansas City swing tradition?

Back 80

More Blues influenced than the jazz of New York; Heavy, rolling rhythm, novelty effects...swinging rhythm section, breakneck tempos

Front 81

Why was swing popular? What were some of the dance palaces in NY that helped perpetuate that popularity? What were some of the dances that were popular during this time?

Back 81

Popular with dancers, a lot of band including territory bands; Savoy and Roseland dance ballroom as well as nightclubs such as Small's Paradise; Lindy-Hop, Suzy-Q, Shim-Shamm, Shag, Slow Drag, Grizzly Bear, Ballin' the Jack, the Mooche, the Shimmu, the Black Bottom, the Charleston

Front 82

What is the difference between national and territory bands? What were some of the national bands?

Back 82

Territory bands traveled regionally while national bands traveled nationally; Jean Goldkette Orchestra and Cotton Pickers