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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GRAHAM & BOWLING
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Found that blacks (43%) and whites (44%) had very similar rates of offending, while Indians (30%), Pakistanis (28%) and Bangladeshis (13%) had much lower rates.
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SHARP & BUDD
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Found that 27% of males of 'mixed' ethnicity said they had used drugs in the last year, compared with 16% of both black and white males and 5% of Asian males.
These findings challenge the stereotype of black people as being more likely than whites to offend though they support the view that Asians are less likely to offend. |
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LEA AND YOUNG
LEFT REALISM!!!! |
They argue that ethnic differences in the statistics reflect real differences in the levels of offending by different ethnic groups.
They acknowledge police racism but they don't believe that discriminatory policing fully explains the differences in the statistics. They note over 90% of crimes known to the police are reported by members of the public rather than discovered by police. So even if police are discriminatory, its unlikely that can account for the differences in statistics. They also say blacks have a considerably higher rate of criminalisation than Asians. The police would have to be very selective in their racism - against blacks but not asians. |
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HUDSON & BRAMHALL
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Argue that pre-sentence reports allow for unwitting discrimination. They found that reports of Asian offenders were less remorseful than white offenders. This places a bias on asians, this may be in the context of 'demonising' of Muslims in the wake of the events of 9/11 2001.
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GILROY - the myth of black criminality
NEO-MARXISM!!!!! |
Racist stereotypes of African Caribbean and Asians. These groups are no more criminal than any other. Police and criminal justice system act on racist stereotypes, ethnic minorities come to be criminalised, appearing to be in greater numbers in statistics.
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HALL et al. - Policing the crisis
Moral Panic over black 'muggers' - 1970s NEO-MARXISM!!!!! |
Early 1970s - high inflation, rising unemployment, strikes and student protests were spreading. In such times, opposition to capitalism grows, ruling class may need to use force to maintain control. Needs to seem legitimate or it may provoke even more resistance.
The emergence of the moral panic of mugging as a specifically 'black' crime. It served as a scapegoat to distract attention from the true cause of problems - unemployment. The moral panic served to divide the working class on racial grounds and weaken opposition to capitalism. The crisis of capitalism was increasingly marginalising black youth through unemployment, this drove some into a lifestyle of hustling and petty crime as a means of survival. |
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BRITISH CRIME SURVEY - 2006/2007
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People from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk 36% of becoming a victim than did blacks 27% , Asians 25% or whites 24%.
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SAMPSON & PHILLIPS
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Racist victimisation tends to be ongoing over time, with repeated 'minor' instances of abuse and harassment interwoven with periodic incidents of physical violence.
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