Ethics: Unit 3 Chapters 14-19

Front 1

bioethical principle that tells health care providers to have as their goal the good of the patients

Back 1

beneficence

Front 2

a very large and diverse area within the field of applied ethics whose objective is to fetermine which specific or applied actions are right and which actions are wrong

Back 2

bioethics

Front 3

capable of assessing possible courses of action in a reasonable manner

Back 3

competent

Front 4

occurs when one ethical principle comes into conflict with another

Back 4

ethical dilemma

Front 5

bioethical principle that proclaims that health care providers should not cause harm to patients

Back 5

non-maleficence

Front 6

a principle that states that all people in a society must be treated equally

Back 6

principle of justice

Front 7

principles used in bioethics refined from ideas of ethical theory such as consequentialism, deontology, and justification

Back 7

principles of bioethics

Front 8

bioethical principle of respect for the patient's right to control his or her own life

Back 8

respect for autonomy

Front 9

a patients right to be given enough information to make his/her decision regarding treatment in full light of other options and the risks that are associated with the treatment

Back 9

informed consent

Front 10

doing something for someone else's good even if he/she would rather you didn't

Back 10

paternalism

Front 11

legislation that mandates that a physician must give a patient all information a reasonable person would deem relevant to trreatment decisions

Back 11

reasonable person standard

Front 12

the implementation of positive measures to end a person's life

Back 12

active euthanasia

Front 13

a legal document that a patient fills out when he/she is competent which constitutes clear evidence of a patients wishes

Back 13

advance directive

Front 14

resulted in a court ruling stating that you could withdraw life sustaining treatment from a patient if there was extremly clear evidence that the patient would have done so him or her self

Back 14

Cruzan Case

Front 15

good death

Back 15

euthanasia

Front 16

An American philosopher who developed an influentail argument for the claim that there is no important ethical difference between active and passive euthansia

Back 16

James Rachels

Front 17

documents that specify when certain treatments ought to be given and when they ought not to be given; used to make decisions for a patient who is no longer competent

Back 17

living wills

Front 18

the act of letting a person die

Back 18

passive euthanasia

Front 19

ethical principle that says you are responsible for all the intended effects of your actions but not the unintended effects

Back 19

principle of double effect

Front 20

someone who makes decisions for a patient who is no longer competent; bases decision on what patient would want, rather than their own decision

Back 20

proxy-decision maker

Front 21

argument that contends that we ought not to follow a particular course of action becuase it will lead to a course of unacceptable consequences that we will not be able to control

Back 21

slippery slope argument

Front 22

American philospher who developed a very influential argument for the acceptability of abortion due to rape

Back 22

Judith Jarvis Thomson

Front 23

holds that abortion is ethically wrong under certain conditions but ethically acceptable under other conditions

Back 23

moderate position on abortion

Front 24

position on abortion that holds that abortion is always eithcally acceptable, no matter when it is performed and for whatever reason; also called liberal position

Back 24

pro-choice

Front 25

position on abortion that holds that abortion is always ethically wrong, no matter when it is performed and for whater reason; also called conservative postion

Back 25

pro-life

Front 26

court claimed in Roe v. Wade that this right protected a woman's right to have an abortion in the first trimester

Back 26

right to privacy

Front 27

1972 Supreme court case that upheld a woman's right to have an abortion in the first two trimesters of her pregnancy

Back 27

Roe v. Wade

Front 28

term used to describe cases in which a woman decides to have an abortion because she has learned that her fetus has a certain genetic characteristic; also called genetic abortion

Back 28

selective abortion

Front 29

able to survive outside of the woman's womb

Back 29

viable

Front 30

the policy of trying to produce people with good genes or the right kind of genetic endowment

Back 30

eugenics

Front 31

genetic alteration that is designed to improve a person's talents or capabilities

Back 31

gne enhancement

Front 32

genetic alteration designed to treat a genetic disease

Back 32

gene therapy

Front 33

occurs when a person is prevented from acquiring some good or actively harmed as a result of his or her particular genetic makeup or genotype

Back 33

genetic discrimination

Front 34

the activity of altering an organism's genetic makeup; also called genetic alteration

Back 34

genetic engineering

Front 35

genetic alteration that affects a person's genotype in a way that will be passed on to the person's descendants

Back 35

germ-line alteration

Front 36

a government-funded initiative to map the entire human genome

Back 36

Human Genome Project

Front 37

genetic alteration that affects the genotype only of theperson who is the subject of the procedure; these alterations will not be passed onto the persons descendents

Back 37

somatic alterations

Front 38

Callahan's proposal saying that we should guarantee aggressive health care to people below a certain age and only try to make people comfortable after that age

Back 38

age-based rationing

Front 39

American bioethicist who proposed healthcare rationing plan based on age

Back 39

Daniel Callahan

Front 40

View of justice that holds that a distribution is just when it gives people liberty to choose whatever they want

Back 40

libertarianism

Front 41

health care rationing proposal in which the legislature of Oregan uses a prioritized list of services to decide which healthcare services will be covered and which will not

Back 41

Oregan Plan

Front 42

healthcare plan that compromises between strict egalitarian and strict libertarian positions; says that on the bottom tier the government guarantees the poor a decent minimum of healthcare and on the top tier people are allowed to buy whatever kind of healthcare they want and can afford

Back 42

two-tiered system of healthcare