Ethics Quiz 4

Front 1

wisdom

Back 1

the ability to consistently choose morally right actions;having deliberate talent, discernment, good judgment, and savoir-faire. personality traits that learn from experience.can't be taught to the young.concerned with both ends and mea.ns of the good life

Front 2

knowledge

Back 2

justified moral content, usually expressed in terms of a rule or principle.

Front 3

vision

Back 3

a preanalytic sense of the moral order universe, society, and individual life.

Front 4

deliberation

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a part of practical reasoning cpncerned with detremining the best moral means to a goal.

Front 5

judgement

Back 5

a part of practical reasoning concerned with weighing alternatives, a process which usually occurs at the end of deliberation.

Front 6

cosmic vision

Back 6

a sense of the moral order of the cosmos ("world" or "universe") How we should understand ourselves as moral agents within the world

Front 7

social vision

Back 7

a sense of the moral order of the society

Front 8

vision of the good life

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"living well" is a flourishing that results in the activity of living the good life.

Front 9

melodramatic vision

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good vs evil.plot usually allows the good agents victory over rh ebad ones, and in the process victims are rescued or in some manner saved from harm. evil is brought to justice.

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irony

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the right order does not prevail.Usually there is no order.focus on the decay of culture, family, or a person.can center on people's illusions.blends the dichotomies of good and bad and the apparently good is likely to be as flawed as the apparently bad.

Front 11

tragedy

Back 11

focuses on the conflicts and violations of norms within the group.show what happens when alliances falter, families fall apart, friends betray one another, or subjects prove disloyal.story marked by a crisis created by an admirable although flawed hero. The story resolves by means of death or defeat of the hero by an inexorable force.vision that supposes that the order of things is fixed and indifferent if not hostile to human beings; the moral worth of an agent is shown by his or her desire to do the right thing even though it will not neccesarily bring contentment.

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cemedy/thalian vision

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shares the same implicit noramtive structure as tragedy, but ofcourse involves the realization of these norms rather than the consequences of their violation. a vision that supposes that most people are good and that viscious behavior is due to ignorance; a belief in a fundamental order to things which realizes happiness.

Front 13

satiric vision

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a basic distrust of the existing order of things;a tendency to value simpler, more natural ways of life, as oppsed to the pretence and hypocrisy of the convential way of life.satires attempt to show that the prevailing order is far from the right one.

Front 14

happiness

Back 14

feeling of contentment;a sanguine mood

Front 15

flourishing

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happens in the the virtuous performance of certain qualitative parctices.

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prosperity

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defined by a certain level of wealth and security.

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success

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public recognition and significant achievement in regard tot he principal practices in one's life.

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what constitutes the good life?

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happiness, flourishing, prosperity, and success.

Front 19

rational calculation

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trem usually used in the economic sense, that is, a person who is delf interested and interested in maximizing her good or utility, generally speaking.One who acts to bring about that outcome which he prefers, among those which he believes are open to him.under proper conditions of knowedge and reflection, he understands which outcomes are possible or likely, prefers one outcome to another because it does maximize his good or utility, and then seeks the most efficient means of attaining it .

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cunning

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the ability to determine successful means to a particular goal, but without consideration of its moral quality; calcualtion concerned with maintaining one's advantage.

Front 21

memory

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an important part of the process of deliberation in Cicero's model;deliberation, in part, employs the past in determining the best course of action;the past is represented by our life story and indentity, experience, and cultural wisdom.

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discernment

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a part of deliberation concerned with the determination of the nuances and particularities of one's present moral situation.

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foresight

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the part of deliberation that imagines future consequences.

Front 24

practical/moral reasoning

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a reasoning process concerned with the connection of ends , means, and act in a way that preserves the moral integrity of the outcome.why we should do something.

Front 25

Cicero's framework for deliberation

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memory, discernment, foresight

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theoretical reasoning

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most directly affects beliefs.hypothetical, speculative.why we should believe something like laws or principles.like physical laws.

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concerns for wise moral reasoning

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moral vision, deliberation, and judgment

Front 28

moral vision

Back 28

concerned with an evaluation of the ends of action, including the sense of the good life.

Front 29

Aristotle on the relationship between wisodm, virtue, and knowledge

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distinguishes between 2 different kinds of wisdom. theoretical wisdom and practical wisdom.theoretical wisdom being scientific and factual knowledge highest by nature.practical wisdom is integral to every virtue, the basis of every virtue.Natural virtues are an untrained character disposition and practical wisdom perfects them into virtue proper.

Front 30

Plato on the relationship bewteen practical wisdom

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believed practical wisdom was a cardinal virtue, along with justice, temperence, and courage. Ranks it the highest among the four cardinal virtues.

Front 31

Liszka on how wisdom is acquired

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must have good moral character especially a virtuous disposition.must apprehend and learn from experience.have the special talent of self reflection.keen sense of observation, discernment,intuition,and insight.must have intelligence and education. must use moral reasoning.

Front 32

well-being

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psychological literature term used to describe one's inner, affective,subjective state and is usually associated with sanguine mood and a certain level of contentment.

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living well

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the result of the right sort of activity within the sorts of practices that constitute human being and the human condition.active living and doing.

Front 34

Lykken and Tellegen theory about a happiness set-point

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one is wired for a steady-state mood.basic personality.happiness is genetically based

Front 35

Taylor and Brown on the illusion of hppy people

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those who are happy have more of a tendency to be unrealistic in their positive views of self, are more likely to have illusions of control over chance events in their lives, and are often more unrealistically optimistic.moderately unhappy people tend to be more balanced in self-perception.

Front 36

Aristotle on flourishing, or eudaimonia

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happiness defined as flourishing;flourishing is defined as a condition constituted by the virtuous performance of certain qualitative practices, which results in a special form of enjoyment.

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Aristotle on deliberation

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unlike rational calculation,it is more than just determining the and necessary and efficient menas to an end. It is concerned with the proper and moarl means to a good end.the noblest means.the territory is between moral vision and choice.only use rational calculation if there are several morally acceptable ways to a goal.

Front 38

Cicero on deliberation

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draws on the insights of Aristotle.involves a series of questions rising from the merely calculative to the moral.the present situation is important and a fullfillment of duties in that particular situation guided by a strong moral vision and moral principles.

Front 39

Gauthier on deliberation as rational calculation

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under proper conditions of knowledge and reflection,understands which outcomes are possible or likely, prefers one outcome to another because it does maximize his good or utility, and then seeks the most efficient means of attaining it.

Front 40

Casuistry and narrative ethics

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help concretize and give rich, living detail to the situations in which we must make moral decisions.telling a situatiuon as a story gives an important sense for all the moral nuances that may arise.

Front 41

causuistry

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a process of applying old illustrations to new problems to discover when the new corresponds to the old in its essential features, so that the same principle will cover both.making less room for doubt.

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machievelli and sun tsu on deliberation as cunning

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machievelli-set of rules , advice, and strategies meant to maintain whatever advantage you presently have and to get those advantages you want.his understanding of practical wisdom is based on a dark, ironic vision of human beings and human affairs, which essentially sees wisdom only as cunning.sun tsu's views are similar but focuses more on victory in battle and has been used in business, sports, and law."seek a quick victory"but try to weaken your enemy without battle is true art of war.defend when someone is stronger.

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tragic choice (sophies choice)

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where all options are evil, with no real upside

Front 44

temptation

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choice between something that you know is good and something you know is bad, but are drawn to it anyway.

Front 45

dilemma

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where all options are good in them and where a reasonable argument can be made for any of them.

Front 46

Kidder's paradigm of moral judgment

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moral dilemmas take the form of four broad paradigms.1.truth vs loyalty2.individual vs community3.short term vs long term4.justice vs mercy. these all need wisdom to direct virtue. virtue alone is not enough.