Ethics Quiz 2

Front 1

autonomy

Back 1

the power to control and direct oneself. (a sort of self mastery) assumes free will and that the world is somewhat changeable.

Front 2

determinism

Back 2

argues that there is no free will in the ordinary sense of the term.human behavior is detremined through the interrelation of a number of physical, biological, and social laws and the conditions surrounding them.

Front 3

libertarianism

Back 3

the view that free will and determinism are incompatible.

Front 4

compatibilism

Back 4

even though no alternative possibility exists, there are still cases where we are held responsible for our action , as long as the significant causal determinants are made by a certain aspect of the self.

Front 5

moral luck

Back 5

aspects of human action which are out of one's control yet serve to determine its moral quality.

Front 6

causation

Back 6

established by showing factually that the agent did a certain set of actions, and those actions caused the outcome in question.

Front 7

voluntariness

Back 7

establishing the degree of both inner and external control of the actions and the circumstances surrounding it.

Front 8

proximate cause

Back 8

which is nearest to the effect in the order of causation.

Front 9

blame

Back 9

attributed to person's whose actions have violated some norm, rule, or law for which they can be held accountable.

Front 10

emotional hijacking

Back 10

moral blindness

Front 11

nagel's varieties of moral luck

Back 11

1.the kind of person we are, our persoanlity and temperament.2.our circumstances, problems and situations we face3.chain of antecedent conditions to our choices.4.chain of consequences to our choices and actions.

Front 12

plato's explanation of weakness of the will

Back 12

acting out of ignorance, not a charcter flaw.mistaken about what is good for oneself.not understanding consequences.lack of knowledge and wisdom.

Front 13

aristotle's explanation of the weakness of the will

Back 13

due to either acting OUT OF or IN ignorance.apprehending generals and principles is affected.acting differently than otherwise would. (granola/anger)

Front 14

morally strong

Back 14

general sense of what is right, have strong moral sentiment, but still may feel a struggle bewteen their desires and the right thing to do;but precisely because of their strength of will, are able toprevail and do the right thing.

Front 15

self-controlled

Back 15

well balanced and gives the impression of being in control of pleasures and passions without effort or strain. Has neither excessive nor base appetites. No struggle.

Front 16

morally weak

Back 16

generally know that acting in a certain way is wrong, but theyoften fail to resist thos epassions or appetites which urge them to do what is contrary to their knowledge.emotionally hijacked. "fight or flight" response.

Front 17

pathologically weak

Back 17

general sense of what is right but are incapable of resisting or find it extremely difficult to resist a certain appetite.2nd order violations are helpless in determining the 1st order ones. ex. addictions and manias

Front 18

Lizka's 1st framework for establishing responsibility

Back 18

1st. causation:establishing that the person's actions or omissions were the proximate cause of the event.

Front 19

Lizka's 2nd framework for establishing responsibilty

Back 19

2nd. accountability or blame:determining that the actions or omissions caused a harm which violated a norm, duty or law that existed bewteen the agents in question and which the agent was under obligation to do or not to do

Front 20

Lizka's 3rd framework for establishing responsibility

Back 20

3rd.voluntariness:establishing the degree of both inner and external control of the actions and the circumstances surrounding it.

Front 21

Aristotle's classification of human action

Back 21

voluntary=impulsive and deliberate. Involuntary=out of ignorance, in ignorance, and under duress.

Front 22

Lizka's analysis of autonomy

Back 22

1st.self mastery (reactive)=self control(feelings) & self-efficacy (obstacles). 2nd. self direction (proactive) goals and plans

Front 23

Kant on goodwill

Back 23

the most imortant aspect of moral life.being good without the consideration of benefits or rewards.purest expression of goodness.ex.shopkeeper

Front 24

Nietzsche on good will

Back 24

master morality=high-minded, powerful,self-consciousness of the noble.self-mastery (highest degree of autonomy)beyond good and evil.

Front 25

Klausner's 1st method for developing self control

Back 25

1.rational (platonic method)-seek for benefit.easily corrupted by emotions.

Front 26

Klausner's 2nd method for developing self control

Back 26

2.affective.employs moral sentiments such as guilt, shame, etc.fight emotion with emotion.ex.aware of guilt after punishing a child out of anger.

Front 27

Klausner's 3rd method for developing self control

Back 27

3.habituation.training yourself.desired control may result by practicing it. ex. coffee

Front 28

Klausner's 4th method for developing self control

Back 28

externalization.manipulation of appropriate environmental variables. ex. alcoholic not going to bars

Front 29

Klausner's 5th method for developing self control

Back 29

direct exercise of those centers of control."force of will". most striking expression of autonomy. no mediation or direction of any other means than oneself.strengthing the desired pole until it overcomes the resisting force.ex.kirk douglas's father.