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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of an argument?
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A sequence of sentences, the last of which (the conclusion) is supposed to follow from the others (the premises).
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What defines a valid argument?
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An argument where the conclusions follows the premises.
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What defines a sound argument?
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An argument where the conclusions follows the premises and the conclusion is also true.
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What is the definition of logic?
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The science of reasoning.
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What is the argument form of modus ponens?
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1) P 2) if P, then Q 3) therefore, Q |
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What is the argument form of modus tollens?
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1) if P, then Q 2) not Q 3) therefore, not P |
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What is the fundamental point of this course?
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The main point of this course is to help each individual student to enhance her or his moral integrity. Do this by discover, formulate, and defend a GMP that helps establish our PMJ’s (particular moral judgments).
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What is cultural relativism?
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When A is permitted by the moral code of the society of its agent at the time of its performance.
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What are the 5 theses relating to the theory of cultural relativism?
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1) Different societies have different moral codes. 2) The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society; that is, if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, then that action is right, at least within that society. 3) There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one society's code as better than another's. There are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times. 4) The moral code of our own society has no special status; it is but one among many. 5) It is arrogant for us to judge other cultures. We should always be tolerant of them. |
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Illustrate cultural relativism using an example to highlight its strong point.
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The Greeks and Christians dead burial what’s right for them is right for them .
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Define the format of subject subjectivism?
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For any person, P, if P says, "x is right (wrong)," then P means exactly what P would mean if P were to say, "I approve (disapprove) of x."
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What is the definition of emotivism?
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Sentences of the form "x is right (wrong)" have no cognitive meaning.
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What is the divine command theory?
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(1) An act is morally right =df God approves of it.(2) An act is morally wrong =df God disapproves of it. (3) An act is morally obligatory =df God commands it. |
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State/explain natural law theory?
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An act, A, is morally right (wrong) =df A is natural (unnatural) A state of affairs, S, is morally good (bad) =df S is natural (unnatural).
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State consequentialism
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An act is morally right iff no other act has better consequences than it doesb. what makes for a better consequence.
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State axiology
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often called “theory of value” – the attempt to discover, formulate, and defend a criterion of good and evil
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What is utility?
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The act of subtracting the sum of all dolors from the sum of all hedons that would occur as consequences of that act.
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What is utilitarianism?
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An act is right if and only if it maximizes utility.
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State Kant’s First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative
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An act token is morally right iff the agent of the act can consistently will that anyone in the same situation act on the same maxim.
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What is a maxim?
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The maxim of an act token A is a general policy statement describing the situation the agent of A takes himself to be in, and the sort of action he takes himself to be performing when he does A.
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