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12 Cards in this Set
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Moral Skepticism |
The view that there are no objective moral standards. Moral skepticism is also sometimes taken to refer to the view that we can have no moral knowledge. |
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Objective Moral Standards |
Moral standards that apply to everyone, even if people don't believe that they do, even if people are indifferent to them, and even if obeying them fails to satisfy anyone's desires. |
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Ethical Objectivism |
Ethical objectivism is the view that some moral standards are objectively correct and that some moral claims are objectively true. |
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Moral Nihilism |
The form of moral skepticism that says that the world contains no moral features, and so there is nothing for moral claims to be true of. Its two major forms are the error theory and expressivism. |
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Ethical Relativism |
The view that correct moral standards are relative to individual or cultural commitments. Ethical relativism can take two forms: cultural relativism or ethical subjectivism. |
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Cultural Relativism |
The view that an act is morally right just because it is allowed by the guiding ideals of the society in which it is performed, and immoral just because it is forbidden by those ideals. |
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Individual Relativism |
*See Ethical Subjectivism |
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Ethical Subjectivism |
The view that an act is morally right just because a) I approve of it, or b) my commitments allow it. An action is wrong just because a) I disapprove of it or b) my commitments forbid it. |
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Moral Infallibility |
When a culture's moral standards or moral truths seem to "fail" outside of said culture. For ex., some cultures justify "honor killings" such as a father killing his daughter after she is raped because her being raped has "dirtied" the family. |
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Iconoclasts |
People whose views differ radically from the conventional wisdom of their society. |
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Moral Equivalence |
Moral equivalence is a term used in political debate, usually to criticize any denial that a moral hierarchy can be assessed of two sides in a conflict, or in the tactics or actions of two sides. |
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Ideal Observers |
Those (probably imaginary) people who are fully informed, perfectly rational, and otherwise perfectly suited to determine the content of morality. |
