Ethics C1&2 Mixed Up

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BUSINESS DUTIES

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Allocating fair wages

Providing good working situations

Not abusing workers

Encouraging healthy competition

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MORAL REASONING

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Is a process in which ethics issues and problems are benchmarked against moral standards so that moral judgment is made possible.

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What are the Social Groups in Business Ethics

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Consumers

Employees

Investors

The Local Community

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PHILOSOPHY

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As a science,it is interested with the meaning of reality, including our human experiences. It seeks to explain the ultimate cause of everything by the use of the human reason alone.

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RAYMOND C. BAUHMART

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He defines the Ethics of business as the ethics of responsibility. The businessman must promise that he will not harm knowingly.

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ETHICS

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It is a branch of social science that deals with moral principles and social values.

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PLATO

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According to him, Good people do not need law to tell them to act justly,while bad people will always find a way around the laws

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MORAL RESPONSIBILITY

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Accountability for the actions one perform and the consequences they bring about,for which a person could be justly punished or rewarded.

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ANDREW CRANE

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According to him,Business Ethics is the study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed.

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ETHIKOS

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Derived from a Greek word that means arising from habit or character.

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7 Natures of Business Ethics

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Contains rules and principles

Voluntary

Avoid cheating and Fraud

Education and training required

Dynamic concept

Social welfare

New concept

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TO PHILOSOPHIZE

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Means to wonder about life,to question reality and find sense in what we do as human beings

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PHILOS

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From the Greek word which means Love.

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WILLIAM JAMES

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According to him, Philosophy is a collective name for questions that have not been answered to the satisfaction of the one asking.

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SOPHIS

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From the Greek word which means Wisdom

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PLATO

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According to him, Philosophy is the highest form of inquiry

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TELEOLOGICAL ETHICS

(Consequentialist Approach)

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It measures the morality of an action based on its consequences and not in the motive or intention of the actorm

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SUPER-EGO

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Operates as a moral conscience

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KOHLBERG'S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

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It is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning. It also suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.

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KOHLBERG

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His theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages.

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MORALITY

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Is the quality of goodness or badness in the human act. It means conformity to the rules of the right conduct.

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Ethics as a Normative Science

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Information that is developed,presented, or interpreted based on an assumed, usually unstated, preference for a particular policy choice.

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DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS

(Non-Consequentialist Approach)

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It measures and evaluates the nature of a moral act based on the validity of the motive of an act. It states that an act that is not morally good can lead to something good.

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3 Categories of Business Ethics

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Descriptive Ethic

Normative Ethics

Metaethics

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ID

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Is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories

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NORMATIVE ETHICS

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Simply describes how people act and does not prescribe how people should act.

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EGO

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Is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the ID and superego

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METAETHICS

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Analyzes the usage of words. It is also a discussion of ethical theories and language.

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Requirements for a Good Moral Judgment

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✓It must be logical

✓It must be based on facts and solid evidence.

✓It must be based on sound and defensible moral principle.

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DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS

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Involves moral judgment based on ethical norm or theory.

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Give the 4 Morality of Profit Motive

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✓ Most people go to business to earn a living.

✓ Some people go to business for personal satisfaction

✓ Other people go to business because they want to serve the society through the goods and services they offer to customers

✓ Other people go to business to make a profit.

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Give the 4 Good Side of a Profit Motive

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✓ It motivates people to do something meaningful.

✓ It promotes ingenuity and cleverness in running a business.

✓ It makes people productive.

It generates potential capital for the business.

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THE BAD SIDE OF PROFIT MOTIVE

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✓ It promotes rivalry among competitors

✓ It makes people focus only on making money

✓ It turns the businessman from being reflective to a questioning person because he only focuses his attention on the practical activity of making money

✓ It promotes self-interest rather than common good

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Characteristics of a Good Moral standard

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✓ It is one that looks at the issue as something that is very serious.

✓ It must be grounded on good moral judgment.

✓It should be objective.

✓ A good standard, when violated, brings about feelings of guilt, shame and remorse of conscience.

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3 Levels of Moral Development

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Level 1-Pre-Conventional (Younger than 6)

Level 2-Conventional ( 7-11 yrs old)

Level 3- Post-Conventional ( 11 yrs old and on)