Ethics

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arbitary

Back 1

a statement that is without reasons, or unfounded

Front 2

arguements

Back 2

some information"premesis" used to support the truth of another statment

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benefits arguement

Back 3

We ought to do what can benefit someone, if it can be done without harm

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consequentialism

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the morality of an action lies in it's cosequences, it is the greatest happiness

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cultural relativism

Back 5

the moral thesis that conceptions of right and wrong,moral good and evil vary between cultures ,universal truth in ethics is a myth. There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one socirtal code better than another. There are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times

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divine command theory

Back 6

the moral thesis that the essence of morality is to folloe God's rules in the form commandments:"morallyright" means "commanded by God" and "morally wrong" means "forbidden by God"

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emotivism

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abut moral judgements. That moral judgements are claims about one's feelings and moral language influences people's behavior by expressing an attitude, but does not state facts

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justice

Back 8

morality requires fairness, assessing people on their individual merits and not punishing the innocent

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morality

Back 9

morality is, at the very least, the effort t guide one's conduct by reason--to do what there are the best reasons for doing--while giving equal weight to the intersts of each individual who will be affected by one's conduct

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natural law theory

Back 10

the world has a natural order and built in rational values and ourposes, when thngs are serving their natural purposes,things are operating as they ought to operate

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objectivity of moral truths

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moral truths are independent of our attitudes. We can give reasons for why our moral assessments matter

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moral preferences

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moral judgements are or include expressions of taste: I like honesty in the way I like coffee

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reasons

Back 13

considerations that will influence attitudes and conduct, as the effects of the reasons

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ethical subjectivism

Back 14

morality is the expression of individual opinion, not an appeal to independent facts because there is no objective right and wrong, good or bad.
Moral statements are expressions of one's feelings

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simple subjectivism

Back 15

moral ststements are claims of approval or disapproval as reports of speaker's attitudes. They do state facts

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tragedy of the commons

Back 16

the resources to fulfill our needs are scarce and many require effort in order to produce them, but each seeking their own self interests in the excessive depletion of those resources

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ethical relativism

Back 17

denies the existence of universal moral truths and purposes that right and wrong must be defined variously, based on differences in cultural norms and mores. Whai is morally right is "relative to" one's society and time in history, not absolute across time and cultures.

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veil of ignorance-John Rawls

Back 18

who asks us to choose in a social contract the structure of a just society without knowing what our sex, race, age, or health will be. When the veil lifts, we will discover who we really are, and as such, John Rawls thinks we will choose to make the worst position as good as possible.

Front 19

tragedy of the commons

Back 19

the resources to fulfill our needs are scarce and many require effort in order to produce them, but each seeking their own self interests in the excessive depletion of those resources

Front 20

ethical relativism

Back 20

denies the existence of universal moral truths and purposes that right and wrong must be defined variously, based on differences in cultural norms and mores. Whai is morally right is "relative to" one's society and time in history, not absolute across time and cultures.

Front 21

veil of ignorance-John Rawls

Back 21

who asks us to choose in a social contract the structure of a just society without knowing what our sex, race, age, or health will be. When the veil lifts, we will discover who we really are, and as such, John Rawls thinks we will choose to make the worst position as good as possible.