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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethical Formalism
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A deontological system because the important determinant for judging whether an act is moral is not its consequence, but only the motive or intent of the actor. Absolute system
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Utilitarianism
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Always act to produce the greatest possible ratio of good to evil for everyone concerned. System presumes you can predict the consequences of your actions.
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Ethics of Virtue
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To be good one must do good.
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Principle of the Golden Mean
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The virtue is always the median between two extremes of character.
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Distributive justice
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Concerned with the allocation of the goods and burdens of society to its respective members.
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Corrective justice
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concerns the determination and methods of punishments
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Commutative justice
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Associated with transactions and interchanges where one person feels unfairly treated
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John Rawls Theory of Justice
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Combines utilitarian and rights-bases concepts. Equal distribution unless a diferent distibution would benefit the disadvantaged. Inequalities of society should be to the benefit of those who are least advantaged. Utilitarian and Kantian.
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Substantive justice
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Just deserts, how one determines fair punishment for a particular offense.
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Procedural Justice
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concerns the steps we must take before administering punishment.
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Retributive Justice
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Criminal must suffer loss or pain propportional to what the victim was forced to suffer. (Tex Talionis, eye for an eye)
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Utilitarian Justice
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Goal is to benifit society by administering punishment to deter offenders from future crime. Deterrence not balance.
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Justice
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Fairness
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Law
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System of rules
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Paradigm
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#
# A set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality for the community that shares them, especially in an intellectual discipline. |
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Consensus paradigm
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Views society as a community sonsisting of likeminded individuals who agree on goals important for ultimate survival. Functionalist, law helps society grow and survive
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Conflict paradigm
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Views society as being made up of competing and conflicting interests. Governance based on power, those in power promote self interest not greater good
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Pluralist paradigm
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perception that society is made up of competing interests; however, 2 basic interest groups and power balance can shift if coalitions are formed. Dynamic societal changes.
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Social Contract Theory
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The idea that individuals give up the liberty to aggrees against others in return for protection
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