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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Commensurable
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capable of being measured by a common standard
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Hobbes ethical view
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through social contracts social institutions can channel individual egoism to the social good
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Adam smiths invisible hand argument
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the collective good is maximized when each individual is allowed to pursue his/her own self interest within the law
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John Rawls Veil of Ignorance
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the suggestion that one should promote a society in which he/she would want to live regardless of his/her status at birth
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Egalitarianism
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the view that a society should promote the equal treatment of every citizen
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Karl Marx's Dictum
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From each according to ability, to each according to need
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Socialism
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The view that gov't, not the market is responsible for job creation and how societies resources are to be allocated
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Communism
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the view that for socialism to work, gov't must also direct individual career choices
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Primary Goods
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the basic needs for life as it should be
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Libertarianism
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The view that individuals should as much as possible be free of gov't and social initiatives
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John Locke's Theory of Rights
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rights are grounded in those things one would posses were there is no gov't
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Robert Nozicks Entitlement Theory
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The distribution of goods should be made not by principle but by a validity based upon antecedents events
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Pareto Optimality
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The point in free markets where the exchange of goods is so efficient that one more exchange would make someone worse off
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Cost Benefit analysis
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A decision method for choosing from among possible outcomes when investment parameters are fixed
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Shadow Pricing
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The comparing of free market purchasing practices in order to assign dollar values to quality of life goods or even to life itself
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Teleological Ethics
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the view that one owns it to oneself and others to achieve his/her full potential
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Telos
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-destiny
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Teleology
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The study of the purpose of existence
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Plato's Ethical View
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Ethics should not lead one to altruism but to enlighted self interest and the role of ethics is to show an individual his/her own self interest
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Altrusim
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Generosity without reward
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Ronald Duska's Interpretation of Loyalty
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a willingness to sacrifice to maintain a relationship of mutual enrichment
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Deontology
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the formal perspective that duty and a fidelity to accept rules, not outcome should wish to become a universal law
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Kant's Categorical Imperative
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a maxim which states that one should only do which one would wish to become a universal law
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Categorical
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without exception
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Kant's Ethical Perspective
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Mortality is to be found in the way the mind makes sense of things
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Moral Intellectualism
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Morality is inherently rational and objective
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Voluntarism
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Mortality is conditional and subjective
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Virtue
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A socially accepted personal characteristic which either causes one to excel in a particular activity or be admired by others
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Virtue and Ethics
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The ethical study which seeks a full account of the personal traits an individual should have
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Supererogate
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To do more than required
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List the four ways in which ethos expresses itself as the hidden foundation for and organizations polices
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1. Legal requirements upon employers
2. Employee attitudes with respect to contract policies and responsibilities 3. Jury acceptance of unwritten entitlement claims 4. Public willingness to either purchase a good or provide consent |
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Stakeholder Theory
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The view that producers should act so as to balance the competing claims of all the affected by its activities
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At-will-employment
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a working contract which stipulates that a job may be discontinued by the free will of either the employer or the employee
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List the four motivating factors for work provided by Douglas
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1. Survival
2. Security 3. Acceptance 4. Self-Esteem |
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List the three basic views of work and briefly describe the perspective
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1. Conventional View- work is something which must be endured
2. Human fulfillment model- work allows us to attain self-actualization 3. Liberal Model- work should be structured such that it provides primary goods |
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List the three meanings of work given in Robert Bellah's Habits
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1. Job- one identity is distant from what one does
2. Career- ones identity stands beside what one does 3. Calling- ones identity includes what one does |
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Strict Production Liability
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the idea that a product manufactures should be held accountable for any harm done by a product thought its life even if not at fault
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Dependence effect
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a term from John Kenneth Galbriath's 1958 work, the affluent society, suggesting some manufactures create the market demand the serve
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Sustainability
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the capacity to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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Fungible
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Self-perpetuating
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Anthropocentric Environmentalism
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Man-center, the view that nature should be modeled to conform to the needs of man
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Egocentric Environmentalism
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The view that nature should be preserved in accordance with its own history
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Employment Law
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1. bonified occupational qualification- a physical or national trait which is indispensable to the proper fulfillment of the job
2.The problem of agency- the use of ones decision making power to direct the resources of an organization to one's personal interests 3. Perry v. Senderman- rule that a job is a form of property for purposes of the 14th amendmen 4. Meritor Savings Bank v. Vison- established the principle that an employer is liable for sexual harassment even if the victim prefers not to report it until a lawsuit |
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Two forms of sexual harassment legally recognized in the US
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1. Linkage quid pro quo- of sexual activity to work place practice/privileges
2. the presence of a hostile work environment |
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Disparate Impact
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This is created by the common business practices that negatively impact minorities
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Compensation Theory
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The view that women and minorities should be hired not on the basis of qualification but to correct past wrongs
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Merit Argument
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The view that only qualifications for a job should be considered in hiring
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The reasonable persons standard
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A guideline used by courts in determining fairness
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Comparable Worth
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The principle that a salary should be based on a point system for job content rather that supply and demand of skills involved
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Ebling v. Masco Corp
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Established the principle that a company's policy manual constitutes a contract with the employee
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Privity
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A relationship between two parties solely defined by implicit agreements
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Milton Friedman's View
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Corporate officials who do not try to make as much money for their stockholders as possible within the law undermine the foundations of our free society
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Market Failure
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The inability of a sales transaction to include the full cost of a good or service
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Neo Classical Model of Corporate Social Responsibility
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The pursuit of profit is constrained by an obligation to do no harm to others
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Social Institution Theory
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The view that producers are best understood as social creations organized to serve social goals
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Contractual Theory
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The view that business's are best understood as markets where investors, managers, workers, buyers suppliers, government and others came together
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Shark Repellent
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A general term for any device used by a firm to prevent a hostile take over
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Golden Parachute
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A clause in an executives contract which assumes a substantial severance bonus in the event of a hostile take over
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Green Mail
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A form of extortion where a corporate raider offers to back off in return for a profitable buyback of his/her shares already acquired
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List the three key points of this course
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1. Long-run personal success requires possession of traits others want in those they work with
2. The virtues necessary for those traits are within every national human being 3. The art of success is in defining one's self image in the terms of these virtues and thoughtfully applying them so that others benefit when you use them to your own benefit |
