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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conly |
Integrity "wholeness of principle and purpose" |
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Conly's definition of 'Integrity' |
acting on defensible moral views |
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William's definition of 'integrity' |
Genuinaly committed to one's convictions, feelings, projects, prior commitments; and acting on them |
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William's problem with Utilitarianism |
prevents us from having important commitments, which in turn prevents us from having integrity, individuality, and leading meaningful lives |
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Nagel's Deontological Theory |
rightness or wrongness of actions depends on their conformity to certain moral rules, rules DENY that the value of consequences is ALL that matters to morality |
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Nagel's ethical monism |
there is a single, basic feature that determines the moral rightness, wrongness, and permissibility of actions |
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Nagel's "ethical pluralism" |
there is a irreducible plurality of such basic features |
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Nagel's 5 sources of duty |
special obligations, general rights, utility, perfectionist ends, private commitments/projects |
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Nagel's special obligations |
agent centered- special obligations to others, institutions, family, etc. |
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Nagel's general rights |
agent centered- ex. freedom |
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Nagel's utility |
outcome centered- to produce good |
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Nagel's Perfectionist Ends |
outcome centered- ex. artistic creation |
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Nagel's Private commitments/projects |
Agent centered- piano mastery |
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How would Nagel's ethical pluralism solve the problem of alienation for ethics? |
the perfectionist ends, private commitments/projects |
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What is O Neil's notion of rationality focus on her requirements of rationality |
... |
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What is one of her examples of a non universalized maxim that violates that requirement of rationality... why? |
... |
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O Neil's 5 principles of rational intending (or rationality) |
1. you intend all necessary and some sufficient means to your end 2. You seek to make such means availible to you when they are not 3. You intend all necessary and some sufficient components of what is willed 4. Your intentions must be motivally consistent 5. The forseeable results of your specific intention must be consistent with the underlying intention |
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O Neil's example of failure to intending all necessary and some sufficient means to your end |
want adequate diet but you don't eat the foods necessary |
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conceptual consistencies |
everyone wanting to be a boss, then there is no one left to be a boss |
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volitional consistencies |
to fail to meet one of the standards of rational intending |
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2 objections to Nagel |
- exclusionary over-rationalization - romantic defeatist |
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Objections to Nagel: Exclusionary over-rationalization |
4 and 5 don't belong the list...morality is how we treat others, ridges fixed number of ordered values |
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Romantic Defeatist |
Can't solve problems, can't tell what is important |
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Nagel's response to his problems |
good judgement can tell which duty is of priority |
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analogical argument |
1. if morality is analogis to etiquette and law then it is not necessarily intrinsic giving 2. morality is not analogis to etiquette and law
therefore: Morality is not necessarily intrinsic giving |
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double-vision |
Parfit wants to treat a person as the same person in one sense but does not in the sense of desert, commitments, etc |
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O'Neil's 5 principles |
1. to intend all necessary and some sufficient means to your end 2. You seek to make such means available to you when they are not. |
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Maxims |
Underlying principles that guide our more specific intentions (don't always meet to be explicit, don't have to know what our maxims are) |
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Nagel's 5 duties |
1. Special obligations 2. general rights 3. utility 4. perfectionist ends 5. Personal commitments |
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William's objections to Nagel |
4 and 5 do not belong in a moral systems because they don't have to do with morality... because those are contradictory to a utilitrainistic mind set... because you shouldn't have a moralistic |
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anti rationalist |
deny necessity claim, doesn't necessarily have to be a reason to be moral |
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O Neil's universality test |
a test in order to see if you could make your maxim universal |
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Jim's example (conly) |
either shoot 1 indian and save 19 or let the army guy kill 20 |
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Counterfactual condition (Railton) |
He would not act as they do if it was not compatible with their leading life that brought about the best outcome |
