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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pyelonephritis Acute: Affects _______ of kidney
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cortex
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Pyelonephritis Acute: Spares ____________
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glomeruli/vessels
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Pyelonephritis Acute: _______ _______ in urine are pathognomonic
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WBC casts
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tremor, tachcardia, hypertension, malaise, nausea, delirium tremens are symtpoms of what?
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alcohol withdrawal
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when do you get symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
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in case of physiological tolerance and dependence when intake is interrupted
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what is disulfiram and how does it work?
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disulfiram is a pharmacological treatment of alcoholism - negatively conditions patient against EtOH
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a good possible referral to sustain EtOH abstinence in alcoholics
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Alcoholics Anonymous and other peer groups
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3 mechanisms of EtOH action
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1) interpolates into membranes --> toxic effects, partic. in brain 2) alcohol dehydrogenase converts EtOH to acetaldehyde, forms adducts with proteins and nucleic acids, converted to acetate, Ac-CoA, FA synthesis, fatty liver 3) increased NADH/NAD ratio
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Condition in which these are seen: hepatitis and cirrhosis, pancreatitis, dilated cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, testicular atrophy and hyperestrinism, and Mallory-Weiss syndrome
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alcoholism
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name histological type of cirrhosis in alcoholism
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micronodular cirrhosis
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accompanying symptoms of alcoholic cirrhosis
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jaundice, hypoalbuminemia, coagulation factor deficiences, portal hypertension
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list clinical findings in alcoholic cirrhosis besides jaundice
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peripheral edema and ascites, encephalopathy, neurologic manifestations (asterixis, flapping tremor of hands)
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What is the cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
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thiamine (B1) deficiency, particularly in alcoholics
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what is the presenting triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy?
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psychosis, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia
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distinguishing features of Korsakoff's from Wernicke's
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in Korsakoff, also *memory loss*, confabulation,confusion.
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is Korsakoff's syndrome reversible?
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No.
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Tx for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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IV Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
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What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
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longitudinal lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction caused by excessive vomiting (for ex., in alcoholism) with failure of LES relaxation that could lead to fatal hematemesis
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