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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxidative reaction (loss of e) with reduction reaction (gain of e) |
What is redox reaction |
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By oxidative phosphorylation |
How do cells produce energy? |
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•ETC •Chemiosmosis |
Oxidative phosphorylation components: |
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Formation of ATP by re-oxidation of (NADH & FADH2) in presence of oxygen |
Oxidative phosphorylation is: |
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Co-enzyme derived from vitamin |
What is (NADH & FADH2)? |
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•Outer membrane •Inner membrane •Intermembrane space |
Mitochondria structure: |
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Cytoplasm: Glycolysis & fermentation Mitochondrial matrix: TCA cycle & pyruvate oxidation Inner membrane of mitochondria: ETC |
Eukaryotes energy pathway location: |
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•Mitochondria 85-90% OP •Glycolysis and TCA 10-15% by substrate level phosphorylation |
ATP synthesis sites, percentage of production and mechanism: |
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Production of ATP by taking away a phosphate group from a substrate and binding it to ADP under influence of enzyme |
What is substrate level phosphorylation? |
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Glycolysis & TCA |
Sites of NADH&FADH2 |
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Low to high electron affinity |
ETC is organized in accordance of |
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Oxygen |
Who is the final acceptor in the ETC? |
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•NADH - CoQ reductase •Succinate dehydrogenase •Cytochrome C reductase •Cytochrome C oxidase •ATP synthase |
ETC membrane bound components: |
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•Ubiquinone (Q) •Cytochrome C |
ETC mobile component: |
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process in which energy from a proton gradient is used to make ATP |
What is chemiosmosis? |
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There is a coupling between oxidation and phosphorylation |
What is the chemiosmotic hypothesis? |
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1+3+4 |
Transport of H to intermembrane space by complex: |
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Complex 5 ATP synthase due to proton motive force |
ATP synthesis is done in: |
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•F0= proton transport •F1= synthesis of ATP |
ATP synthase subunits: |
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3 proton |
How many proton should enter the ATP synthase to produce one ATP? |
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Uncouplers |
What increases the permeability of inner membrane of the mitochondria? |
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Thermogenin, brown adipose of newborn babies. |
Example of uncouplers and where we can find it ? |
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High doses of aspirin works as uncoupler thus releasing a lot of heat. |
Why aspiring in very high doses causes fever ? |
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If complex 3 or 4 were inhibited |
When will ETC cycle be inhibited? |
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1. Rotenone + Amytal 3. Antimycin A 4. Cyanide + CO + Azide 5. Oligomycin |
Name each complex inhibitors: |
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No |
Are there inhibitors for complex 2 ? |
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•ETC inhibited •ATP decreases •pH decreases(LA) •Hypoxic cell swell •Enzymes leak=cell death |
What happens if a tissue got no O2? |
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•Leigh disease •Severe lactic acidosis •Neurological abnormalities |
Dysfunction in OP? |
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•ETC is inhibited •Tissue asphyxia(CNS) |
In case of inhalation of cyanide? |
