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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Resources |
Energy- Electricity Matter- needed by building (water) |
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3 Laws of thermodynamics |
1. Energy cannot be created, it just changes. 2. Tendency towards disorder. -More disorder (loss of energy) =More Entropy (measure of disorder) -Perpetual motion impossible 3. at absolute 0, -273 degrees Celsius. entropy is also 0. |
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Total amount of energy in a system |
Pizza room > cold class room the warm room will transfer heat to the colder one |
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What is Entropy made out of? |
Mechanical Energy Kinetic Energy Heat |
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Where does energy come from? |
Look at figure 2 |
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Types of energy |
Renewable Non-renewable |
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Main characters of environmental technology |
-Man -Environment -Building |
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Man |
It has limited conditions for functioning (temperature) |
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Environment |
Very Varied |
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Building |
Mediator |
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Influences on Design |
Codes and regulation |
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3 Legal Codes and regulations |
1. Codes (FBC, California Title 24, IBC, NFPA) 2. Standards (ASHRAE, ANSI, ASTM) 3. Guidelines, specific types of architecture ex. hospitals, schools, etc. |
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3 not really Legal Codes and Regulations (informative) |
4. handbooks 5. Design guide; layout examples 6. General Practice, how everything works, dimensions. |
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FBC |
Florida Building Code |
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IBC |
International building code |
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NFPA |
National Fire Protection Agency NFPA1 NFPA 101 |
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Commissioning |
Post occupancy evaluations (after being
occupied) |
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Costs |
initial cost vs. life cycle cost |
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Energy Efficiency
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-Efficiency - man |
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Efficiency |
Ratio of input vs. output |
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Man |
levels specified in codes and standards |
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ACTIVE and PASSIVE systems |
Active- help requirement using energy Passive- design of elements that help achieve a goal without energy |
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Example of Active |
Classroom with lights |
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Example of Passive |
Room with open windows |
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Passive House (can have electricity) |
issues a set of guidelines, strict energy levels. |
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Net ZERO |
At least 50% of energy come from renewable sources. (the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site) |
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Carbon Neutral |
CO((v)2) (reduce amount of CO((v)2) ) Depending on the energy source it uses. |
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Regenerative Design |
The Goal is to leave things better than found. |
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Sustainability |
"Meeting todays needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs" |
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Approches that influence design |
-Aggregation -Matching Tech -Shape for energy function -Information Technology -Storage (energy, water) |
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Energy |
(Heat, Light UV Ray, Electricity) |
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How do we create Heat |
Food and Air |
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Comfortable Temperature Outside |
68-80 |
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The body heat |
-heat machines -senses - ENVIRONMENT - Metabolism, constant temperature (homeostasis) |
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3 things that increase metabolism |
-respiration -digestion -musculoskeletal system. |
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3 layers of protection |
-skin -clothes -houses |
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clothing |
1CLO= .88 R (where R means ft2·°F·hr/Btu) |
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What is 1Met |
(measurement of metabolic function) |
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1 Met = |
50kcal/h per m.sq. 58 W/m.sq. 18.4 btu/h per sq.ft. (seated person 360 btu/h=106 W |
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Hypothalamus |
a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity. |
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How do humans regulate heat |
when its cold they shiver goosebumps when its hot you sweat |
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Heat |
Just another type of energy |
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Units for energy |
Jouls(J) BTU CAL |
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BTU |
British Thermal Unit |
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what is the quantity of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 lb of water 1 degreese F |
1 BTU |
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Specific Heat (Concept) |
Quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1lb of a material 1 degrees Fahrenheit |
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BTU needed to beet up water |
1BTU |
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BTU needed to beet up wood |
.45 BTU |
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BTU needed to beet up steel |
.21 BTU |
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BTU needed to beet up Brick |
.2 BTU |
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Forms of Heat Flow |
Convection (medium, matter) Conduction (touch)((pan thats hot)
Radiation (visible connection )(every body has it)
Evaporation (...)
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Psychrometry |
thermodynamic properties of moist air |
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Dry Bulb temperature
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Its is the measure of heat intensity
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Units of heat intensity |
Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin |
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What is measured by Sling Psychrometer? |
Relative Humidity |
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What does wet bulb temperature take into consideration? |
Relative Humidity |
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What is sensible heat measured in? |
BTU |
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Sensible Heat |
Change in the heat content of a substance that causes it to change temperature. |
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Latent Heat |
Change in heat content of a substance that causes it to change state. |
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Enthalpy Heat |
Total heat, Sensible heat + Latent Heat |
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how many BTU does it take to change the state of water to vapor already at 211 degrees Fahrenheit? |
1000 BTU (Latent) |
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ICE>Water>Vapor |
+1000 BTU +1000BTU |
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Relative Humidity |
Actual Vapor pressure in air/ pressure of saturated air at the same temperature (dry Bulb) |
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Humidity Ration |
Pounds of moisture/ pounds of dry air |
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The Sun |
-its a star -fusion -releases electro magnetic radiation (10 mil F) -at earths surface 433 BTU/ft^2/hr |
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how much declination does the earth have
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23.47 degrees |
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Altitude |
height, measures the angle of the sun in section |
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Azimuth |
looking at in in plan |
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Summer solstice |
6/21 |
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winter solstice |
12/21 |
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Equinox |
3/21; 9/21 |
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Angle |
=90 - latitude +(summer)/-(winter) declination |
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Time Zones |
24= 15 degrees each (1000 miles) |
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Anaelemma |
https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=j QT5XRdrqvw |
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Daylight savings |
? |
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Heat Loss |
Heat loss through building envelope above ground |
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Heat Loss Q=UxAxΔT |
Q= Heat (units BTU/H) A= area of a surface ΔT= difference in design temperatures U= Sum of all the conduct values |
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Infiltration |
Heat loss through building cracks in the building envelops |
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Infiltration Q=1.08xCFMxΔT |
CFM= VxACHx1/60 V= Volume of building in cubic feet ACH= number of air changes per hour 1/60= conversion factor hour to minutes CFM= cubic feet per minute |
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conductivity |
K |
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CONDUCTIVITY |
The rate at which heat will flow through a homogenous solid.
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k |
Conductivity |
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Conductivity is measured by ________ and it is how much _________flows thru ft^2 of ________ |
1inch heat material |
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Conductance |
the number of BTUs per hour that flows through 1ft^2 of a given thickness of a material when the temperature difference is 1F |
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Conductance is the concept of flow heat, it is applied to _________, related to _________ of material and _________ heat conductance. |
anything depth final |
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"C" |
Conductance |
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Formula for conductance |
C=k/x x is thickness in inches |
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"R" |
resistance |
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Formula for resistance |
R=1/C (inverse of C) R=x/k |
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Emittance is the movement of heat by the method of ______ |
Radiation |
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Emittance is _________ to absorptance |
Proportional |
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Radiation being absorbed |
absorptance |
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Radiation going out |
Emittance |
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Name an exception of Emittance being proportional to absorptance |
PV Cells |
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List some materials that are available as insulators |
Loos Fill Insulating cement formed in place EIFS (external insulated foam system) Rigid Insulation (roofs) Flexible semi-rigid (blankets, batts) |
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Low conductance, High resistance |
Insulators |
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Name 3 categories of materials used for insulation |
-inorganic (glass, rock wool ) -organic (cotton, cork) -metalic |
