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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the risk factors for GERD?
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What relaxes esophageal sphincter: peppermint, CCBs, nitrates, chocolate, ETHOL, onions, maybe bronchodilators.
Chronic cough, asthma, pregnancy, obesity, lying down after eating. |
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What are the signs and symptoms of portal htn? (= squeezing portal vein)
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Engorgement of other veins= varacies (seen in about 50% of pts), edema from redistributed blood from portal wein pressure being too low, causing increased pressure in portal system. Bodies response ti high pressure by developing collateral circulation in lower esophagus, anterior abd wall, parietal peritoneum, rectum.
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3. What are the signs and symptoms of diverticulitis?
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Fever, n/v, pain, herniations or outpouchings of mucosa and submucosa.
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4. What are the differences between gastric and duodenal ulcers?
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Duodenal:
5x more common, also more common in younger people. Acid production increases Painin upper abd Antacid or food relief pattern Pain when stomach is empty (food relives pain) Heals more quickly Remission and exacerbations (not chronic) Gastric: More common in elderly More likely to get cancer (NSAIDs, and ETHOL increase badness) Acid production decreased Pain in upper abd Antacid relief pattern Pain when food is in stomach (b/c food in stomach produces acid) Heals more slowly Chronic ulcer without pattern of remission |
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5. What are the phases of viral hepatitis and what do they look like?
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Prodromal: Lasts 2 weeks after exposure, have non-specific flu/cold symptoms, look normal.
Icteric: have jaundice, acute liver damage going on, bilirubin build up, causes you to have very dark urine and clay colored/light colored stools from bilirubin not being processed in body. Starts 1-2 weeks after prodromal phase, lasts 2-6 weeks. Pt will look yellow Recovery: resolution of jaundice. 6-8 weeks after exposure, liver starts to recover itself. |
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6. What is acute pancreatitis?
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Inflammation of pancreas, usually mild, can get dehydrated (from drinking binge, etc.), but can be life threatening. Pain caused by Tripsin (activated in the liver). Inflammation in pancreas can be so much its causing organs to shift from increase size of pancreas. Fluid builds up into lungs from increase pressure. Pathologic activation of enzymes within the pancreas causing autodigestion. #1 cause is gallstones, next is alcohol, then meds like diuretics and hypertriglyceridemia.
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7. What are the differences between ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease? Both are inflammatory bowel diseases
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UC:
Rectum and sigmoid colon effected Large, continuous lesions Mucosal destruction and inflammation Bleeding, cramping, urge to defecate 10-20 stools/day, can be bloody, a lot of the time Periods of remission and exacerbation/ flare-ups (Blood is big irritant to GI system, increases motility to try and get blood out) Tx- steriods Crohns: Mouth to anus effected with “skip” lesions Submucosal inflammation Diarrhea (non-bloody most of the time) May have malabsorption problems which can cause anemia ( ex- B12 deficit leads to pernicious anemia) Periods of remission and exacerbation Gets in deeper (submucosal effected) than UC Both increase risk of colon cancer, are genetic, NOT same thing as IBS. Tx- steriods |
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8. What are the manifestations of cirrhosis? (47 ish min mark)
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= fibrotic liver diease. Fibrosis/scarring of liver from injury or necrosis over a long period such as- chronic active hepatitis, malnutrition, toxic injury (ETOH, other chemicals), metabolic (wilson’s disease, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency).
Integumentary: jaundice, spider angioma (from estrogen build-up), palmar erythema, purapura, petechaie, caput medusa Hematologic: from not making enough proteins in the liver- anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukemia, coagulation disorders, splenomegaly. Metabolic: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia. Cardiovascular: fluid retention, peripheral edema, ascites Neuro: hepatic encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, asterixis GI: anorexia, dyspepsia, n/v, change in bowel habits, dull abd pain, fetor hepaticus, esophageal and gastric varicies, congestive gastritis, very distinct gas smell. Reproductive: from too much estrogen circulating- amenorrhea, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, impotence. |
