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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is NFPA 1971?
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A standard on fire protective ensembles for structural fire fighting and proximity fire fighting.
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According to NFPA 1971, full PPE for structural ff consists of?
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Helmet, Protective Hood, Protective Coat and Trousers, Protective Gloves, Safety Shoes or Boots
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The following items are not part of NFPA 1971 but are required by NFPA 1500:
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eye protection, hearing protection, SCBA, and PASS
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Structural Protective Ensemble must have appropriate product label for that component permanently and conspicuously attached. What all must it include?
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Manufacturer's name, identification or designation; Manufacturer's address; Country of manufacture, Manufacturer's identification number or lot number or serial number; Month and year of manufacture (not coded); Model name, number, or design; Size or size range; Principal materials of construction (coats, trousers, coveralls, hoods); Footwear size and width (boots); Cleaning precautions
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What do helmets protect you from?
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Impact, Heat and Cold, Secondary Protection of the face and eyes with face shield, and rank identification and unit identification
They must have ear flaps or neck covers and chin straps to ensure the helmet stays in place. |
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Protective Clothing that has been retired by a department may be used for training that does not involve live fire if donated according to
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NFPA 1581
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What is one of the most common injuries on the fire ground?
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Injury to the eyes
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Safety Glasses and Goggles protect against what percent of all eye hazards
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85%
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What standard governs eye and face protection?
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ANSI Standard Z87.1
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In department facilities, including stations and maintenance areas, warning signs should be posted near operations requiring eye protection
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pg 170
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What is the most common use of hearing protection?
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Fire fighters who ride apparatus
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At what noise level must you wear ear protection?
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90 db in US 85 db in Canada
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Instructional fire fighting, ear plugs, or ear muffs can interfere with
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interfere with ability to communicate, hear faint cries for help, the hiss of escaping gas, sounds that may indicate imminent structure collapse, or critical commands or evacuation signals
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Protective Hoods are designed to protect what?
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Ears, neck and face from exposure to heat hot embers and debris
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Hoods are typically made of fire resistant material and are available in long or short styles. What are they typically made of?
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Nomex, Kevlar, or PBI
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What are the three components for protective coats?
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outer shell, moisture barrier, thermal barrier
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What do thermal coats protect from?
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trap insulating air that slows the transfer of heat from outside to your body, limited direct flame contact, hot water and steam, cold temperatures, and other environmental hazards
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Use and limitations of PPE are:
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Wearing PPE may increase your risk of heat stress; you may suffer burns with no warning; structural PPE provides no chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive (CBRNE) protection; PPE will decrease your ability to feel ambient heat; Damaged PPE will put you at greater risk; Using all appropriate PPE (according to manufacturer's recommendations) is the only way to be properly protected.
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What is DRD?
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Drag Rescue Device (built in harness and hand loop at the back of the neck that permits a rescuer to grab and drag a downed firefighter)
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What is the only NFPA compliant lower extremity covering?
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Turnout or bunker pants
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What do gloves protect you from?
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Heat, Steam, or cold penetration resistance to cuts, punctures, and liquid absorption; Gloves must allow dexterity and tactile field for firefighter to perform job effectively
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What type of material should firefighters never wear?
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synthetic materials, such as nylon or polyester when fighting a fire; these materials melt when heated and stick to the skin
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What is NFPA 1977?
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It is the standard on protective clothing and equipment for wild land firefighting
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What does wild land firefighting gear include?
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Gloves, goggles, brush jacket and pants, or one-piece jumpsuits, long sleeve shirts, head and neck protection, and footwear
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What is an acceptable footwear for wildland firefighting?
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Lace up safety boots with LUG or grip sole; should be at least 8-10 inches high
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Firefighter accident statistics show that certain types of clothing can contribute to on the job injuries
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pg 178
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What materials have high temperature resistance?
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Organic Fibers such as wool and cotton; Synthetic Fibers such as Kevlar, aramid fibers Nomex fire-resistant materials PBI polybenzimidazole fiber, Kynol phenolic resins, Gore-Tex water repellent fabric, Orlon acrylic fiber, neoprene, Teflon fluorocarbon resins (nonstick coatings) silicone, and panotex
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What is NFPA 1975?
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Standard on Station work uniforms for fire and emergency services
Garments in this standard include trousers, shirts, jackets, and coveralls but not underwear |
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Define Hypoxia
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Condition caused by a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues
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What are the four common respiratory hazards associated with fires and emergencies?
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1. Oxygen Deficiency 2. Smoke 3. Elevated Temperatures 4. Toxic Atmospheres
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Excessive heat taken quickly into the lungs can cause
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decrease in blood pressure and failure of the circulatory system
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Inhalation of heated gases can cause
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pulmonary edema (accumulation of fluids in lungs)
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Define asphyxiation
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causes death because of deficient amount of oxygen and excessive amount of carbon monoxide and/or other gases in the blood
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The type and amount of toxic gases released at a fire vary according to four factors:
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Nature of the combustible; Rate of heating; Temperature of the evolved gases; Oxygen concentration
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Define oxyhemoglobin
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Combination of oxygen and hemoglobin
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Define Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)
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Hemoglobin saturated with carbon monoxide and therefore unable to absorb needed oxygen
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What are signs and the symptoms of CO?
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headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, cherry red skin
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Where would you find quantities of carbon Dioxide?
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wood alcohol, ethylene, dry ice, or carbonated soft drinks are manufactured.
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What are two dangerous refrigerants that irritate respiratory tract and eyes?
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ammonia and sulfur dioxide
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What does sulfur dioxide do?
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reacts with moisture in lungs to form sulfuric acid
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Where will chlorine gas leak be encountered?
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manufacturing plants, water treatment facility, and swimming pool or water park
chlorine is used to make plastics, foam rubber, and synthetic textiles and commonly found in water and sewage treatment plants |
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Define Etiologic Agents
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Living microorganisms, like germs, that can cause human disease; a biologically hazardous material
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What are limitations of wearing SCBA?
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Physical condition, Agility, Facial Features
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What standard prohibits wearing beards or facial hair that prevents a complete seal between face piece and face?
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NFPA 1500
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What standards allow firefighters to wear soft contact lenses?
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NFPA 1500 and OSHA CFR 1910.134
You can wear if you demonstrate successful long term use at least 6 months without any problems |
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Limitations of SCBA equipment
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Limited visibility, decreased ability to communicate, increased weight, decreased mobility
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What are three basic elements to effective air management?
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Know the point of no return, Know how much air you have at all times, Make a decision to stay or leave when air is down 50%
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What is NFPA 1982?
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Standard on PASS (Personal Alert Safety Systems)
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How often should you retrain with past devices?
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Semi-annually
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What will make your air supply vary?
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Size of cylinder, firefighter condition, task being performed, level of training, operational environment, degree of stress
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What should wildland socks be made of
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natural fiber such as wool cotton
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If a Wildland jacket is single layer what else should you wear
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Long Sleeve t-shirt under the jacket
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What are wildland gloves made out of
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Leather or other suitable material
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Why cant you use Structural gear for Wildland firefighting
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it is too bulky, too hot, and too heavy for practical use
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What hazards to the feet are at a fire scene?
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Hot contaminated water, hot embers, nails, broken glass, other sharp objects, embedded glass shards contaminated blood or other bodily fluids, heavy objects.
Glass shards and metal fragments embedded in boot soled can cause hand injuries |
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What do wristlets on bunker gear do
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prevent water and embers and other foreign debris from entering sleeves and protect wrists when gloves don't seal properly
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NFPA 1975 requires what of garment components?
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they will not ignite, melt, drip, or separate when exposed to temperatures 500 degrees F for 5 Min
A garment meeting requirements will have a tag that is permanently attached |
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What should footwear protect against
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keep feet dry, burns, punctures, cuts , and crushing injuries
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What are 2 types of boots in fire service and use
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Protective boots for fire fighting
Safety shoes for station wear and inspections ems run and any other activity |
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What can ill fitting boots cause
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abrasions, blisters, and other painful debilitating injuries
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What is used in boots to protect against punctures
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stainless steel sole plates and others use a steel insert
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Define IDLH
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any that poses immediate hazard to life or produces immediate , irreversible, debilitating effects on health.
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What is considered an oxygen deficient atmosphere?
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less than 19.5 % oxygen
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Ultra-Violent light will degrade fabric and reduce protection
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Pg 180
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What is NFPA 1581
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Standard on Infection Control
It requires gear to be cleaned every 6 months in accordance with manufacturers instructions |
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The tissue damage from inhaling hot air is not immediately reversible by introducing fresh cool air
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pg 181
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What does smoke from a typical structure fire consist of
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oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, finely divided carbon particles, and others
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Concentrations of carbon Monoxide in air above what percent can be dangerous?
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0.05 percent 500 parts per million can be dangerous
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Above What percent causes death without physiological signs
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more than 1 percent
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A 1 % concentration of carbon monoxide will cause a 50% level of carboyhemoglobin in blood stream in?
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2 1/2 to 7 minutes
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A 5% concentration of Carbon Monoxide in a room will cause a 50% carboxyhemoglobin level in the bloodstream in
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in 30 to 90 seconds
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A hard working firefighter may be incapacitated by a ____ concentration of CO
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1 percent
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How do you eliminate carbon monoxide in the blood
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Normal breathing
Administering pure oxygen is the best for immediate care |
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A severe exposure to CO signs of brain or nerve injury may appear anytime within
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3 weeks
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An scba can weigh
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25-35 pounds
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What are limitations of SCBA equipment
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Limited visibility, communication, weight, and mobility
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What are limitations of air supply SCBA
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Physical condition of user, Degree of Physical exertion, Emotional Stability of user, Condition of Apparatus, Cylinder pressure before use, training experience of user
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Medical factors that influence using SCBA
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Neurological function, muscular skeletal condition, cardiovascular, respiratory
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Mental Factors that influence SCBA
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Adequate training, self confidence, emotional stability
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When low air alarms sounds at 25 % how many minutes of air do you have left
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5 min
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When do you check your SCBA air supply
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Beginning of shift must be 90 percent
when donning scba and opening cylinder valve While working 5-10 min interval and at key points changing locations finishing assignments During egress from hazard zone 2-3 min intervals When refilling or replacing a cylinder |
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What are the 4 parts to a SCBA component assembly
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Harness assembly, air cylinder assembly, regulator assembly, facepiece assembly
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What does the Air cylinder assembly include
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cylinder, valve, pressure gauge, and pass device
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What does regulator assembly include
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high pressure hose with low pressure alarm , by pass valve, and pressure reducing device
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What does facepiece assembly include?
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facepiece lens, exhalation valve, and a low pressure hose breathing tube if regulator is separate also includes voice amplification head harness or helmet mounted bracket
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How much does a air cylinder weigh?
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9.4 lbs to 16.6 lbs
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Define NFPA 1981
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Standard on Open Circuit Self Contained Breathing Apparatus SCBA for Emergency Services
All new SCBA must be equipped with a Rapid Intervention Crew/ Universal Air Connection RIC/UAC |
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In what order do you tighten you facepiece?
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Bottom, Temple, Top
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According to NFPA 1981 all new SCBA must be equipped with what?
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Heads Up Display
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Explain Open Circuit Airline Equipment
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Supplied Air Respirators (SAR) a long hose from air source attached to regulator or facepiece up to 300 feet. A Emergency Breathing Support System (EBSS) is a 5-10 min emergency egress cylinder is carried with this type of system
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How can you place an SCBA on an Apparatus
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Seat Mounts, Side Mounts, and compartment mounts or stored in carrying cases
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Use of PASS device in mandatory by all users wearing SCBA under NFPA 1500
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PG 199
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What is NFPA 1982
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Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems
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Test PASS Daily. Test when you come on shift and before use
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Pg 199
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PASS device alarm may be reduced by heat what is the temperature that affects it
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300 degrees
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NFPA 1404 and NFPA 1500 require SCBA to be inspected when?
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weekly, monthly, and annually, and after each use
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YOU MUST INSPECT SCBA AS SOON AS YOU SHOW UP TO WORK
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pg 205
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Some organizations may not be able to check the SCBA daily in this case it should be checked weekly and before and after each use.
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PG 205
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Ways to mount an SCBA and Don a SCBA
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Seat Mount, Side or Rear Mount, a Compartment or Backup Mount or Storage case
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What does a monthly inspection include on a SCBA
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Remove equip from service
Check all components for deterioration Leaks around Valves and hose connections Operation of all gauges,valves,regulator,exhalation valve, low air alarm |
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What is the interval for hydro-testing Steel, Aluminum, and Composite tanks
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Steel/Aluminum 5 years
Composite 3 years |
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If refilling cylinders from a cascade system what does it need to have at a minimum
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at least 3 300 cubic inch cylinders
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What are 3 steps when filling a bottle
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place cylinder in a shielded filling station
prevent cylinder form overheating by filling slowly ensure cylinder is completely full but not over-pressurized |
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You may fill the cylinders from the RIC/UAC while on a firefighters back if 3 conditions are meet to meet nfpa 1500 standards?
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Niosh approved fill options are used
Risk assessment process has identified procedures for limiting personnel exposure during the refill process and provides adequate equipment inspection and member safety Imminent life threat situation requiring immediate action to prevent loss of life or serious injury |
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Firefighter gear plus SCBA weighs ?
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47 pounds
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Male coupling is closest to the exit female coupling leads to fire
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pg 209
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Must remain in physical, voice, visual contact at all times in a IDLH atmosphere
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PG 208
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