Essentials Of Fire Fighting 5Th Ed Ch 4 Building And Construction

Front 1

Define Assembly:

Back 1

Two or more interconnected structural components Combined to meet a specific function or design requirement. Typical assemblies are roof
trusses, wall frames, and doors. Including their frames.

Front 2

Define Attic:

Back 2

An open space between the roof and ceiling of a building; most common in a single family or multifamily residential occupancy. Providing an open space for a fire to burn undetected.

Front 3

Define: Balloon Frame:

Back 3

A type of wood Frame construction in which the studs in exterior walls extend from the basement or foundation to the roof. This allows for fire to spread undetected from the basement to the attic through hollow walls.

Front 4

Define Bar joist-

Back 4

Joist constructed of steel with bars in vertical web space. Common in office buildings and other commercial structures. Very high straight-to-weight ratio except when exposed to heat failure is likely.

Front 5

Define Beam:

Back 5

A horizontal structure component subjected to vertical loads. Typical beams are steel or wooden I-Beams or large dimension wooden members

Front 6

Define Bowstring Truss:

Back 6

Roof assembly with curved (arched) top chord and horizontal bottom chord. These assemblies are very strong accept. When exposed to direct flame failure may occur without warning.

Front 7

Butterfly Roof:

Back 7

A V- Shaped roof in which the two sides toward a valley in the middle. An unusual type roof that is rarely seen in cold climates where snow load is a factor.

Front 8

Cantilever:

Back 8

A beam that is unsupported at one or both ends. Typically used to support balconies on apartments and some office buildings.

Front 9

Chipboard is-

Back 9

A type of OSB Oriented strand board glued and compressed wood strands.

Front 10

Define Cockloft

Back 10

An open space between the roof and ceiling of a commercial or industrial building. Usually found under flat or nearly flat roofs. In a fire, these spaces act in much the made way as attics

Front 11

Define Column:

Back 11

A vertical supporting member. May be wooden, or steel posts. Steel posts often support lightweight roof assemblies, and if unprotected by surface insulation, steel posts may fail quickly in a fire.

Front 12

Define: Compression:

Back 12

Force that tends to push a mass together.

Front 13

Define Course:

Back 13

Horizontal layer of masonry units. A row of bricks is and example of a course.

Front 14

Define Curtain Wall:

Back 14

Nonload-bearing exterior wall used as a weather barrier but not for structural support. On many high-rise buildings, the outside walls often sheet glasses in frames are curtain walls.

Front 15

Define Curtain Board:

Back 15

Nonload- bearing interior wall extending down form a roof or ceiling to limit the horizontal spread of fires and heat. If curtain walls are penetrated by unprotected openings, fire can spread unchecked.

Front 16

Define Decking:

Back 16

Planks or panels of plywood or OSB that form the substance of a roof assembly. In vertical ventilation through roof, the decking must be removed from the ventilation opening to realize the full effect of the opening.

Front 17

Define Drywall:

Back 17

Gypsum wall board. A fire-resistive wall covering also called sheetrock

Front 18

Eave

Back 18

Edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall. Attic vents in typical eaves provide an avenue for exterior fire to enter the attic.

Front 19

Engineered I-Beam-

Back 19

A wooden I-Beam consisting of continuous wooden upper and lower chords separated by web OSB or similar sheet stock.

Front 20

Fire Door:

Back 20

A rated assembly consisting of a solid core door, door frame, and hardware. Fire doors are used to fonfine a fire to one room or section of a building by closing a communication opening when triggered by a fire. If a fire door is to function as designed, they must not be prevented from closing by being intentionally blocked open.

Front 21

Fire Load:

Back 21

Total potential heat release if a building and its contents is burned. The fire load of a fully stocked lumber yard is considered higher than that of an empty building of the same dimensions.

Front 22

Fire Wall:

Back 22

A rated assembly that extends from the foundation to and through the roof of a building to limit fire spread. Fire walls are intended to confine a fire to one room or section of a building. If they are penetrated by openings not protected with fire doors, fire can spread unchecked.

Front 23

Flat Roof:

Back 23

Roof that is flat or nearly flat relative to the horizon.

Front 24

Gable Roof:

Back 24

A pitched roof characterized by square cut ends and sides that slope down from the ridge line to the eaves. Most common roof style on homes and other small buildings.

Front 25

Gable Wall:

Back 25

A wall rising to meet a gable roof at the end of a building. Found only at the ends of gable roofs and they often include an attic vent near the top of the wall.

Front 26

Gambrel Roof:

Back 26

Roof characterized by a single ridge line roof from which roof sections on both sides of the ridge descend at two different pitches. Common on barns and other farm structures.

Front 27

Girder:

Back 27

A horizontal structure member used to support beams or joists. Girders are almost always of larger dimension than the members they support

Front 28

Glue- Lam Beam

Back 28

A wood structure member composed of relatively short pieces of lumber glued and laminated together under pressure to form a long extremely strong beam.

Front 29

Gusset Plate

Back 29

Wooden or metal plate used to connect structure members that are butted together most often used in the construction of trusses. Many metal gusset plates are simply pressed into the wood and are subject to early failure if the plates warp from heat of fire. Gusset plates that are nailed or screwed are much more reliable.

Front 30

Gypsum Board

Back 30

Interior finished material consisting of calcinated gypsum, starch, water, and other additives sandwiched between two sheets of specially treated paper: see drywall

Front 31

Header Course:

Back 31

Course of bricks laid with ends facing outward. Because the ends of bricks are smaller than the sides, a header course is easy to identify. Only used in unreinforced masonry, and this makes up type of construction easy to identify.

Front 32

Hip Roof

Back 32

A pitched roof in which all the ends are all beveled so that there are no gable walls. Common on newer residence.

Front 33

HVAC:

Back 33

Heating ventilation and air cooling the ductwork in these units can allow fire to spread more easily.

Front 34

Interstitial Space

Back 34

Space between layers of the building materials; an attic or cockloft sometimes used to house a HVAC and other machinery.

Front 35

Joist:

Back 35

Horizontal structural member used to support a ceiling or floor. Drywall materials are nailed or screwed to the ceiling joists.

Front 36

Lamella Arch:

Back 36

Arch constructed of short wooden members connected to specific geometric pattern. While rare in modern construction, these roof assemblies can still be found in many older buildings.

Front 37

Mansard Roof:

Back 37

Characterized by steeply sloped facets surrounding a flat or nearly flat center section. In some cases many buildings have a fake fascia added to and existing flat roof. In some cases fire can burn between the two undetected.

Front 38

Mortar:

Back 38

A mixture of sand, and water used to bond masonry units into a solid mass. The joints between bricks are filled with mortar.

Front 39

Open Web Joist

Back 39

A joist constructed with a wed composed of material such as bars or tubes that do not fill the entire web space.

Front 40

Oriented Strand Board (OSB) –

Back 40

A wooden structure panel formed by glueing and compressing wood strands together under pressure. Has replaced plywood and planking in majority of construction applications. Roof decks, walls, and sub floors are all commonly made of OSB

Front 41

Parallel Chord Truss

Back 41

Truss constructed with the top and bottom parallel. These Trusses are used as floor joists in multistory buildings and as ceiling joists in buildings with flat roofs.

Front 42

Parapet:

Back 42

A wall at the edge of some roofs. Can be a significant trip hazard.

Front 43

Party Wall

Back 43

A wall shared by two adjoining buildings; usually a load-bearing wall that is also a fire wall. The failure of a roof assembly attached to a party wall can affect the structural integrity of the adjoining building.

Front 44

Pitch:

Back 44

The ratio of rise-to-span of a roof assembly. The steeper the pitch the greater the slip hazard

Front 45

Pitched Roof

Back 45

Roof that is sloped to facilitate runoff.

Front 46

Plate:

Back 46

The top or bottom horizontal member of a frame wall.

Front 47

Platform construction

Back 47

Frame-type construction in which each floor interrupts the exterior studs forming an effective fire stop at every floor. Most common type in frame modern residence and other small buildings.

Front 48

Plywood:

Back 48

Wooden structure panel formed by gluing laminating very thin sheets of wood together under pressure. Replaced by OSB.

Front 49

Rafters:

Back 49

Beams that span from ridge board to and exterior wall plate to support roof decking.

Front 50

Rebar:

Back 50

Short reinforced bar. These steel bars are placed in concrete forms before the cement is poured. Rebar adds strengths.

Front 51

Reinforced Concrete:

Back 51

Concrete poured into forms that contain interconnected network of steel rebar.

Front 52

Sawtooth Roof:

Back 52

A roof with low profile of vertical and sloping surfaces that resemble a saw blade. Common on older industrial buildings.

Front 53

Spalling:

Back 53

Degradation of concrete due to prolonged exposure to heat.

Front 54

Stud:

Back 54

A vertical structure member in a framed wall. Can be made of wood or light gauge steel.

Front 55

Tension:

Back 55

Force that tends to pull the mass of a material apart.

Front 56

Truss:

Back 56

A wooden or metal structure unit made up of one or more triangles in a flat plane

Front 57

What is the most common material used in North America?

Back 57

Wood

Front 58

Define Load bearing Wall?

Back 58

Wall that is used for structural support

Front 59

Nonload bearing Wall?

Back 59

Wall usually interior that supports only its own weight.

Front 60

Partition Wall:

Back 60

Interior non-load bearing wall that separates a space into rooms.

Front 61

The reaction of wood to fire conditions depends mainly on two factors:

Back 61

Size of the wood, and its moisture content.

Front 62

Wood with high moisture content is referred to as?

Back 62

Green Wood

Front 63

Define Type 1 Construction

Back 63

Known as Fire resistive construction. Maintains structural intergrity protected either by blown on insulation or automatic spriklers.

Front 64

Define type 2 construction

Back 64

Noncombustible Construction: made of same material as type 1 except the stuctural components lack the insulation or other protection. All metal buildings fall into this catagory