Essentials Of Cutural Anthropology Ch 1 Vocabulary

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Anthropology

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The study of humankind from a broad perspective, focusing on the biological and cultural differences and similarities among populations and societies of bothe the ppresent and the past.

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Physical (Biological) anthropology

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The subfield of anthropology that studies the biological aspects of humankind.

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Paleoanthropology

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The subfield of anthropology that specializes in investigating the biological evolution of the human species.

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Primatology

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The study of primates, including monkeys and apes.

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Human variation

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Physical differences among human populations; and interest of physical anthropologists.

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Forensic anthropologists

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Physical anthropologists who identify and analyze human skeletal remains.

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Archaeology

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The study of past cultures through the excavation of material remains.

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Prehistoric archaeology

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The subfield of archaeology that uses excavation of sites and analysis of material remains to investigate cultures that existed before the development of writing.

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Historic archaeology

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The subfield of archaeology that investigates the past of literate peoples through excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts and other material remains.

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Cultural anthropology (social anthropology, ethnology)

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The subfield of anthropology that studies the way of life of contemporary and historically recent human populations.

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Fieldwork

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Enthographic research that involves observing and interviewing the members of a culture to describe their contemporary way of life.

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Ethnography

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A written description of the way of life of some human population.

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Anthropological linguistics

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The subfield that focuses on the interrelationships among language and other aspects of a people's culture.

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Applied anthropology

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The subfield of anthropology whose practitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners often are employed by a government agency or private organization.

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Globalization

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The process through which a diverse peoples and nations are integrated into a single system invloving flows of technology, transportation, communications, travel, and market exchanges.

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Holistic persceptive

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The assumption that any aspect of a culture is intergrated with other aspects, so that every aspect of culture must be understood in its total context.

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Comparative perspective

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The insistence by anthropologists that a valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with data from a wide range of cultures.

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Cultural relativism

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The notion that one should not judge the behavior of other peoples using the standards of one's own culture.

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Ethnocentrism

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The attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one's own culture are superior to those of other peoples.