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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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passive transport
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movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell
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concentration gradient
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a difference in the concentration of a substance
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equilibrium
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a condition in which the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space
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diffusion
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the movement of a substance from and area of a high concentration to an area of a low concentration caused by random motion of particles of the substance
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable mebrane
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hypertonic solution
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a solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis
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hypotonic solution
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a solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis
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isotonic solution
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a solution that produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis
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ion channel
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a transport protein with a polar pore through which ions can pass
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carrier protein
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protein that can bind to a specific substance on one side of the cell membrane , carry the substance across the cell membrane and release it on the other side
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facilitated diffusion
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a type of passive transport that moves substances down their concentration gradient without using the cells energy
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active transport
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transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient
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sodium potassium pump
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tranports three sodium ions, Na+ out of a cell and two potassium ions K+ into the cell
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endocytosis
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movement of a substance into a cell by vesicle
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exocytosis
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movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell
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receptor protein
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a protein that binds to a specific signal molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule
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second messenger
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acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm
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