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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Environment
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All the living and nonliving things around us with which we interact.
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Environmental Science
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The study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment.
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Natural resources
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The various substances and energy sources we need to survive.
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Renewable natural resources
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Natural resources that are replenished over short periods of time.
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Nonrenewable natural resources
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Resources that are in finite supply and are formed much more slowly than we use them.
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Agricultural revolution
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Our transition from a hunter-gatherer way of life to an agricultural one.
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Industrial revolution
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Shift from rural life, animal-powered agriculture, and manufacturing by craftsmen to an urban society.
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Fossil fuels
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Nonrenewable energy sources such as oil, coal, and natural gas.
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Thomas Malthus
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British economist who wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population.
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ecological footprint
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The environmental of an individual or population
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predictions
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Specific statements that can be directly and unequivocally tested.
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Independent variable
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A variable that the scientist manipulates
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paradigm
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A dominant view
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relativists
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Ethics do and should vary with social context.
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Universalists
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There exist objective notions of right and wrong that hold across cultures and situations.
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Anthropocentrism
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Human-centered view of our relationship with the environment.
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Biocentrism
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Ascribes value to certain living things or to the biotic realm in general.
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Ecocentrism
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Judges actions in terms of their effects on whole ecological systems.
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John Muir
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Scottish immigrant who lived in the Yosemite Valley and was an advocate for the preservation of wilderness.
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Gifford Pinchot
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Founded what would become the U.S. Forest Service
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Aldo Leopold
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Wrote "The Land Ethic" and "A Sand County Almanac."
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Environmental justice
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Involves the fair and equitable treatment of all people with respect to environmental policy and practice, regardless of their income, race, or ethnicity.
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Natural capital
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Earth's accumulated wealth of resources.
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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
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The most comprehensive assessment of the present condition of the world's ecological systems and their capacity to continue supporting us.
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Sustainable development
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The use of resources in a manner that satisfies our current needs but does not compromise the future availability of resources.
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Subsistence economy
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All or most daily needs are met directly from nature and do not purchase or trade for most of life's necessities.
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Capitalist market economy
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Buyers and sellers interact to determine which goods and services to produce, how much to produce, and how to produce and distribute them.
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Adam Smith
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Known today as the father of classical economics.
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External costs
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Costs of a transaction that affect people other than the buyer or the seller.
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Green taxes
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Taxes on environmentally harmful activities and products.
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