Essential Body - Week 8 (Chapter 23)

Front 1

Name the four functions of the digestive system:

Back 1

1. Ingest food; 2.Digest it; 3. Absorb nutrients; 4. Excrete waste

Front 2

Describe the digestive tract.

Back 2

A hollow tube extending from mouth to the anus

Front 3

What are the 7 organs within the digestive tract?

Back 3

1. Mouth; 2. Pharynx; 3. Esophagus; 4. Stomach; 5. Small intestine; 6. Large intestine; 7. Rectum & Anus

Front 4

What are the 4 accessory organs within the digestive tract?

Back 4

1. Salivary glands; 2. Liver; 3. Gallbladder; 4. Pancreas

Front 5

What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract?

Back 5

1. Mucosal Layer; 2. Submucosal Layer; 3. Muscle Layer; 4. Serosal Layer

Front 6

What are the 4 components of the Muscle Layer?

Back 6

1. Circular & Longitudinal; 2. Mixing & Mashing Action; 3. Peristaltic Action; & 4.Enteral Nervous System

Front 7

Which ANS system is found in the Enteral Nervous System?

Back 7

Parasympathetic

Front 8

Describe what Peristalsis means?

Back 8

Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that propels a substance forward; is the digestive tract which moves food from the esophagus to the anus

Front 9

List the 3 components of the Oral Cavity structure:

Back 9

1. Teeth (Mastication); 2. Tongue (Swallowing); 3. Salivary glands

Front 10

What is the process for eating and swallowing?

Back 10

1. Mouth; 2. Pharynx; & 3. Esophagus (epiglottis closes entrance to tranchea & allows food into esophagus)

Front 11

What are the 5 functions of the stomach?

Back 11

1. Regulate rate of gastric emptying; 2. Secretes gastric juice, including HC1; 3.Secretes hormones & intrinsic factor; 4. Digests limited amount of food; 5. Absorbs limited substances

Front 12

Name the 7 structures of the stomach:

Back 12

1. Fundus; 2. Body; 3. Pylorus; 4. Pyloric sphincter; 5. Lesser curvature; 6. Greater curvature; 7. Rugae

Front 13

Name the 3 parts of the small intestine:

Back 13

1. Duodenum; 2. Jejunum; & 3. Ileum

Front 14

Name the 4 functions of the small intestine:

Back 14

1. Digests; 2. Absorbs; 3. Secrete hormones; 4. Digestive enzymes

Front 15

Describe the function of the Duodenum:

Back 15

A. Folds increase area for absorption; B. Inside composed of capillaries & lacteals; & C. Ends products of digestion delivered to hepatic portal sysmtem & lymphatics

Front 16

What are the 3 main structures to the large intestine:

Back 16

1. Cecum; 2. Colon; 3. Rectum & Anus

Front 17

What does the colon entail of?

Back 17

1. Ascending; 2.Transverse; 3. Descending; & 4. Sigmoid

Front 18

What are the 4 functions of the large intestine

Back 18

1. Absorption of water & electrolytes; 2. Synthesis of vitamins by intestinal bacteria; 3. Tempory storage of waste; 4. Elimination of waste (feces) and gas (flatus)

Front 19

What are the 7 functions of the liver:

Back 19

Synthesis & Secretion of bile; 2. Synthesis of plasma proteins; 3. Storage of vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins; 4. Detoxification; 5. Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol & drugs; 6. Metabolism of carbohydrates, protein & fats; & 7. Phagocytosis

Front 20

Explain the Hepatic Portal System:

Back 20

End of products of digestion flow through portal vein to liver; & then liver processes end products of digestion, discharging blood through hepatic veins and into Inferior veta cava (IVC)

Front 21

Explain what the biliary tree is:

Back 21

Ducts that connect the liver, gallbladder, pancreas to duodenum (found in small intestine); they have hepatic ducts; and cystic ducts also common bile duct

Front 22

Explain the function of bile:

Back 22

1. Formed from blood in the liver lobules; 2. assist in digestion of fat; 3. Stored in gallbladder; & 4. Composition of water, cholestrol & bile pigments (salt)

Front 23

What is the purpose of the gallbladder?

Back 23

Concentrates and stores bile; attaches to common bile duct by cistic duct & the fat in the deodenum stimulates release of hormones cholysystokin (CCK) - which causes gallbladder to contract, eject bile into common bile duct and deodenum

Front 24

What are the 4 steps of the Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes?

Back 24

1. Pancreatic acinar cells; 2. Main pancreatic duct; 3. Base common bile duct; 4. Deodenum

Front 25

What are the 3 physiology of digestive and absorption?

Back 25

1. Carbohydrates; 2. Proteins; & 3. Fats

Front 26

List the 3 steps of breaking down Carbohydrates:

Back 26

1. Polysaccharides (digested by amalases to -; 2. Disasccharides (digested by disaccharides to monosaccharides); 3. Monosaccharides (simple sugar, end products of digestion absorbed by villi)

Front 27

Explain the breakdown of the digestion & Absorption of Proteins:

Back 27

Gastric HCI unravels strands of protein; Proteases digest protein into amino acids, which are then absorbed into the villi. They are absorbed into the capillaries of the villi and enter the hepatic portal circulation.

Front 28

Explain the breakdown and role of bile in the digestion & Absorption of Fats:

Back 28

Bile breaks a large fat globule into tiny fat globules; this emulsification allows the enzyme lipase to digest fat more efficiently into fatty acids and glycerol. Bile salts bind to the fatty acids, keeping them water-soluble and facilitating absorption.

Front 29

Name the 5 categories of nutrients:

Back 29

1. Carbohydrates; 2. Proteins; 3. Lipids; 4. Vitamins; 5. Minerals

Front 30

Difference between simple sugar & complex carbohydrates:

Back 30

Simple Sugar: Manosaccharides & Disaccharides; Complex Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides; consits of starch & fiber; most carbohydrates should be consumed in this form

Front 31

What are essential amino acids in proteins?

Back 31

not synthesized by the body, must be consumed

Front 32

What are nonessential amino acids in proteins?

Back 32

Synthesized in the body, not essential to consume

Front 33

What are complete proteins?

Back 33

Contains all the essential amino acids

Front 34

What are incomplete proteins?

Back 34

Does not contain all the essential amino acids

Front 35

What are saturated fatty acid?

Back 35

Solid at room temperature

Front 36

What are unsatureated fatty acids?

Back 36

Oil; liquid at room temperature

Front 37

What are Essential fatty acids?

Back 37

Not synthesized by the body and must be consumed; linoleic acid is an important component of cell membrane

Front 38

What is the purpose of vitamins?

Back 38

Small organic molecules that help regulate cell metabolism

Front 39

What is contained in Fat-soluble vitamins?

Back 39

Vitamins A, D, E & K - Can be stored in the body

Front 40

What is contained in Water-soluble Vitamins?

Back 40

Vitamins B & C - most are not stored by the body

Front 41

What is the purpose of Minerals?

Back 41

Inorganic substances needed for normal body function

Front 42

What do Minerals contain?

Back 42

A. Sodium, Chloride; B. Calcium, phosphorus & magnesium; C. Iron; D. Iodine & E. Trace elements

Front 43

What are the 2 components to Appetite Control?

Back 43

1. Hypothalamus (feeding center); 2. Theories of satiety