Essential Biology "g"s

Front 1

A reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant

Back 1

Gametangium

Front 2

A sex cell; a haploid egg or sperm

Back 2

Gamete

Front 3

A type of prezygotic barrier between species; the species remain isolated because male and female gametes of the different species cannot fuse, or they die before they unite

Back 3

Gametic isolation

Front 4

The multicellular haploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing alternation of generations mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation

Back 4

Gametophyte

Front 5

An open sore in the lining of the stomach, resulting when pepsin and hydrochloric acid destroy the lining tissues faster than they can regenerate

Back 5

Gastric ulcer

Front 6

A member of the largest group of molluscs, including snails and slugs

Back 6

Gastropod

Front 7

A digestive compartment with a single opening that serves as both the entrance for food and the exit for undigested wastes; mouth; may also function in circulation, body support, and gas exchange. jellies and hydras have these

Back 7

Gastrovascular cavity

Front 8

A technique for separating and purifying macromolecules. a mixture of molecules is placed on a gel between a positively charged electrode and a negatively charged one; negative charges on the molecules are attracted to the positive electrode and the molecules migrate toward that electrode; the molecules separate in the gel according to their rates of migration

Back 8

Gel electrophoresis

Front 9

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA most of it is located in the chromosomal DNA of eukaryotic cells

Back 9

Genes

Front 10

The production of multiple copies of a gene

Back 10

Gene cloning

Front 11

The process whereby genetic information flows from genes to proteins; the flow of genetic information from the genotype to the phenotype

Back 11

Gene expression

Front 12

The gain or loss of alleles from a population by the movement of individuals or gametes into or out of the population

Back 12

Gene flow

Front 13

All the genes in a population at any one time

Back 13

Gene pool

Front 14

The turning on and off of specific genes within a living organism

Back 14

Gene regulation

Front 15

The set of rules giving the correspondence between nucleotide triplets in mRNA and amino acids in protein

Back 15

Genetic code

Front 16

A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance

Back 16

Genetic drift

Front 17

1. An allele tracked in a genetic study
2. A specific section of DNA that earmarks a particular allele; may contain specific restriction sites that occur only in DNA that contains the allele

Back 17

Genetic marker

Front 18

The production, by crossing over and/or independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, of offspring with allele combinations different from those in the parents

Back 18

Genetic recombination

Front 19

An organism that has acquired one or more genes by artificial means. if the gene is from another species, the organism is also known as a transgenic organism

Back 19

Genetically modified organism

Front 20

The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variations

Back 20

Genetics

Front 21

A complete set of an organisms genes; an organisms genetic material

Back 21

Genome

Front 22

A set of DNA segments from an organisms genome each segment is usually carried by a plasmid or phage

Back 22

Genomic library

Front 23

The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions

Back 23

Genomics

Front 24

The genetic makeup of an organism

Back 24

Genotype

Front 25

In classification the taxonomic category above species; the first part of a species binomial

Back 25

Genus

Front 26

A time scale established by geologists that reflects a consistent sequence of historical periods, grouped into four eras: precambrian, paleozoic, mesozoic, and cenozoic

Back 26

Geologic time scale

Front 27

To initiate growth as in a plant seed

Back 27

Germinate

Front 28

A slow but steady rise in earths surface temperature, caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Back 28

Global warming

Front 29

A complex, extensively branched polysaccharide made up of many glucose monomers; serves as an energy-storage molecule in liver and muscle cells

Back 29

Glycogen

Front 30

The multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms; occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid

Back 30

Glycolysis

Front 31

An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a dietary iodine deficiency

Back 31

Goiter

Front 32

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum

Back 32

Golgi apparatus

Front 33

The southern landmass formed during the mesozoic era when continental drift split pangaea

Back 33

Gondwana

Front 34

A stack of hollow disks formed of thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast. sites where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis

Back 34

Granum

Front 35

One of a group of photosynthetic protists that includes unicellular, colonial and multicellular species, plantlike in having biflagellated cells, chloroplasts with chlorophyll, cellulose cell walls, and starch

Back 35

Green alga

Front 36

The warming of the atmosphere caused by CO2, CH4 and other gases that absorb infrared radiation and slow its escape from earths surface

Back 36

Greenhouse effect

Front 37

Any of the gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat radiation, contributing to the greenhous effect

Back 37

Greenhouse gas

Front 38

A protein secreted by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide

Back 38

Growth factor

Front 39

A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA

Back 39

Guanine

Front 40

A naked-seed plant Its seed is said to be naked because it is not enclosed in a fruit

Back 40

Gymnosperm