Essc Test 2

Front 1

What makes up rock

Back 1

Minerals

Front 2

What makes up minerals

Back 2

Elements

Front 3

Poly-morph and an example

Back 3

Same mineral composition but different structure... ex. Diamond and Graphite are both carbon

Front 4

Isotope

Back 4

same element with a different number of neutrons, this is why the atomic mass is a decimal

Front 5

5 criteria to be a mineral

Back 5

Naturally concurring
Inorganic
Solid
Has a specific chemical composition
has a specific structure

Front 6

atom

Back 6

Smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element

Front 7

Element

Back 7

A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

Front 8

Why do minerals form

Back 8

Chemical bonding

Front 9

3 types of chemical bonds

Back 9

Metallic, Van Der Waal, Hydrogen

Front 10

8 common elements acronym

Back 10

oh say all, Fred can not kiss Meg

Front 11

8 common elements

Back 11

Oxygen, Silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium

Front 12

What is the most common type of mineral

Back 12

Silicate

Front 13

basic structure for all silicate minerals

Back 13

Si04

Front 14

different types of structures

Back 14

Isolated, Single chain, double chain, sheet, framework

Front 15

What relates to the minerals Physical properties

Back 15

Atomic structure

Front 16

how many minerals are identified

Back 16

4500

Front 17

common non silicate minerals

Back 17

carbonates, sulfates, and sulfides

Front 18

What rock makes up the continental crust

Back 18

Granite

Front 19

What rock makes up the oceanic crust

Back 19

Basalt

Front 20

8 Properties of minerals

Back 20

Color, Streak, Luster, Hardness, Crystal form, Cleavage, Specific Gravity, Magnetism, Chemical reactions

Front 21

how are igneous rocks made

Back 21

Melting and Solidification

Front 22

How are Metamorphic Rocks formed

Back 22

They are cooked not melted, Likes cookies

Front 23

How are sedimentary Rocks formed

Back 23

Erosion

Front 24

Intrusive Igneous

Back 24

Cooled slowly deep in the core, giving more time for the crystals to grow and mature

Front 25

Extrusive Igneous

Back 25

Cooled very quickly from volcanoes and magma at the surface

Front 26

Phaneretic

Back 26

Large Crystals

Front 27

Pegmatic

Back 27

Extremely large Crystals

Front 28

Apheneretic

Back 28

Microscopic crystals on the rock

Front 29

Porphyritic

Back 29

Mostly Microscopic crystals on the rock

Front 30

continental crust vs oceanic

Back 30

granite basalt

Front 31

granite

Back 31

quarts, potassium feldspar, biotite

Front 32

Physical and chemical properties are dependent upon

Back 32

atomic structure and composition

Front 33

two types of igneous rocks

Back 33

intrusive and extrusive

Front 34

intrusive igneous rocks

Back 34

crystallized rocks deep within mantle

Front 35

extrusive igneous rocks

Back 35

lava rock

Front 36

phaneretic

Back 36

large crystals

Front 37

pegmatic

Back 37

extremely large crystals

Front 38

aphanetic

Back 38

microscopic

Front 39

what are most rocks made of?

Back 39

mostly silicate

Front 40

what are the two opposite types of igneous rocks?

Back 40

felsic and mafic

Front 41

felsic

Back 41

light and pink (feldspar) less dense

Front 42

mafic

Back 42

Dark and dense

Front 43

intermediate

Back 43

in between mafic and felsic

Front 44

what is an example of intermediate?

Back 44

diorite (intrusive)
andesite (extrusive)

Front 45

bowen's reaction series

Back 45

minerals crystallize in a periodic order.

Front 46

baked potatoes

Back 46

a good food

Front 47

the slowest minerals to cool

Back 47

are more complex

Front 48

Where does igneous activity occur?

Back 48

at or near tectonic plate boundaries

Front 49

Divergent plate boundaries make _________ igneous rocks.

Back 49

extrusive

Front 50

Transform plate boundaries make ________ igneous rocks.

Back 50

intrusive

Front 51

What is the most deadly part of a volcano?

Back 51

the release of CO2 and HCl acid

Front 52

pyroclastic

Back 52

fiber pieces

Front 53

viscosity

Back 53

the higher the less dense

Front 54

mechanical weathering
and examples

Back 54

physical breaking
ice and plants

Front 55

chemical weathering

Back 55

acids

Front 56

granite turns into ________ during weathering.....

Back 56

sand or mud

Front 57

oxidation

Back 57

when oxygen turns rocks red (like rust)

Front 58

acid dissolution

Back 58

hydrogen cations replace other minerals forming clay

Front 59

sediment

Back 59

loose solid particles

Front 60

dissolution vs percipitation

Back 60

precipitation is ions to solid
dissolution is the opposite

(ex: salt)

Front 61

sorting

Back 61

big rocks on mountain peaks and small sediment at the ocean level... Lol

Front 62

lithification

Back 62

to turn into a rock
compacts rocks and cements

Front 63

clastic

Back 63

cemented sediment grains

Front 64

Breccia

Back 64

Angular Gravel

Front 65

Conglomerate

Back 65

Rounded Gravel

Front 66

Sandstone

Back 66

Medium Grained Clastic

Front 67

Shale

Back 67

Fine Grained Clastic

Front 68

Example of a chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Back 68

Limestone

Front 69

example of organic Sedimentary Rocks

Back 69

Coal

Front 70

Which silicate structure will result in a mineral that is most resistant to weathering?

Back 70

framework

Front 71

Which word describes a mineral's tendency to break along planes of weakness?

Back 71

cleavage

Front 72

The major difference between a rock and a mineral is ______________.

Back 72

minerals have definite chemical compositions and structures

Front 73

What type of rock is the source rock of diamonds?

Back 73

kimberlite

Front 74

What is the most abundant group of minerals?

Back 74

Silicates

Front 75

foliated

Back 75

lined up metamorphic

Front 76

non foliated

Back 76

not lined up