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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does energy come from to feed a disaster?
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-Visitors from outer space(impacts, rotation, revolution)
-Gravity -Internal enegry -The Sun |
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What is gravity?
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Energy changes forms. Attraction between objects. Cannot be modified.
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Where does internal energy come from?
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Gravity, radioactive decay
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Planet formation caused...
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tremendous quantities of heat
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Heat energy came from...
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-Impact energy
-Gravitational energy -Decay of radioactive elements |
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Where does energy from the sun go?
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30% is reflected back
47% is absorbed as heat by the air, sea, land 23% evaporates water |
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What are different amounts of radiation called?
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Insolation
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How is the rock cycle involved?
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Destruction-water cycyle wit the Sun's energy is weathering the rock
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What are the layers of the earth?
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inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
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What is Pangaea?
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when all the plates were connected
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How is the age of the Earth found?
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radiometric dating/ radioactive decay
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What are hot spots? Where are they found?
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Areas that produce magma to create islands. hawaii, center of Pacific plate
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Where are most earthquakes located?
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along plate boundaries
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List boundaries and examples...
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Convergent~
continental-continental oceanic-continental oceanic-oceanic Divergent~ (transform) new seas, rift valleys Transform~ going opposite ways |
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What is triple junction?
What kind of boundary is associated with it? |
where 3 plate edges touch, divergent boundaries
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Name prominent transform boundary locations...
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Alpine fault, New Zealand
San Andreas, California North Anatolian, Turkey |
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How are earthquakes produced?
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the earth shakes due to sudden earth movements. Caused by volcanic activity, meteorite impacts, undersea landslides, explosions of nuclear bombs, mostly by movement along faults
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What is an epicenter?
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location on the surface directly above the focus
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What is a hypocenter/focus?
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the place within Earth where earthquake waves originate
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List the types of faults...
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dip slip-vertical movement, pushing or pulling force
strike slip- horizontal movement right handed/dextrial left handed/sinistral transform-special horizontal movement, sides of plates slide past |
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Where is the hangingwall and footwall located?
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hangingwall- about head
footwall- beneath feet |
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In a normal fault, the hangingwall moves down to create...
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zone of extension
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In a normal fault, the hangingwall moves up to create...
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zone of omission
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In reverse faults, the hangingwall moves up to create...
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zone of repitition
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What do extensional forces normally cause?
compressional |
zone of omission
zone of repetition |
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What is seismology?
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the study of earthquakes
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How do we measure earthquakes?
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seismographs
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Body waves? what medium do they go through, how fast?
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P-waves-fastest, travel thru any medium
S-waves-reach recording second, only travel thru solids |
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Surface waves, what medium do they go through, how fast?
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rayleigh-long, slow-elliptical motion, travel thru ground, water
love-long, slow- side to side, travel thru ground |
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which waves produce the most damage?
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Surface waves
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How do you locate an earthquake?
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find focus and the epicenter is above on surface
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Where do earthquakes occur in the subducting plate and how intense are they?
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they occur in the shallow depth and are the biggest disasters
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What are the different scales to measure earthquakes?
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Mercalli-based on intensity
Richter-based on amplitude Moment magnitude-closely estimates size of very large earthquakes |
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Where are the the largest earthquakes found?
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pacific plate
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Which plates are subducting to form earthquakes on the west coast of NA?
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Pacific plate is subducting under the North American plate
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What is the seismic gap method?
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Where there hasnt been an earthquake in a while in a specific area, there will be one
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Why was there so much damage in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake?
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buildings were not stable
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Which plate is subducting and responsible for earthquake?
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Cocos
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What is the transform fault that is responsible for the San Francisco, 1906, Loma Prieta(world series)....
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San Andreas
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What is liquifaction?
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when the land that the houses are built on are not sturdy
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What are the New England earthquakes possibly caused by?
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St. lawrence river
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Why is the Eastern US earthquake ground motion covering such a large area?
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faults that bound former rift valleys, they may be failing due to current stresses
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