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3 Cards in this Set
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Discuss in detail Carbohydrate Digestion, Protein Digestion, and fat digestion beginning with the mouth (physical and chemical) and ending with the anus. Must include a discussion of all organs, cells, glands, and enzymes. (for example, gastric glands). Explain what happens at each stage (mouth, stomach, etc., but especially what happens in the small intestine.
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CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION STARTS IN THE mouth.
POLYSACCHARIDES>>AMYLASE>>BEGINS DIGESTION>>PANCREATIC ENZYMES>>DISACCHARIDE>>INTESTINAL ENZYMES>> MONOSACCHARIDES PROTEINS DIGESTION STARTS IN THE STOMACH POLYPEPTIDE>>GASTRIC JUICE>>BEGINS DIGESTION>>PANCREATIC ENYMES>>DIPEPTIDES>>INTESTINAL ENZYMES>>AMINO ACIDS LIPIDS (FAT DIGESTION) TRIGLYCERIDE>>BILE>>EMULSIFICATION>>PANCREATIC ENZYMES>>AND FATTY ACIDS OF GLYCEROL>>ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM>>CHYLOMICRONS>>LACTEALS>> CYSTERNACHYLI>>THORACIC DUCT>>BLOOD JUNCTION OF SUBLCLAVIAN AND JUGULAR VEIN>>FATTY ACIDS AND MONOGLYCERIDES>>MUSCLE CELLS AND ADIPOSE CELLS |
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Discuss in detail the anatomy and physiology of the hepatic portal system to include the blood vessels that form the Hepatic Portal Vein (include how the heart is involved).
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Blood vessels of the hepatic portal system drain the digestive viscera, spleen, and pancreas and deliver this blood to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein. If a meal has recently been eaten, the hepatic portal blood will be nutrient rich. This system ensures substances are passing through the liver correctly. the ascending and transverse colon unite to form the hepatic portal vein.
A BRANCH OF THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN>>CARRIES NUTRIENT RICH VENOUS BLOOD FROM THE DIGESTIVE VISCERA Its main function is to deliver de-oxygenated blood to the liver to be detoxified further before it returns to the heart. |
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Discuss in detail the anatomy and physiology of a molecule of oxygen as it enters the nose and arrives at the aorta. From the aorta, where does the molecule of oxygen go? For complete credit, all structures, blood vessels and valves must be included including a discussion of the Respiratory Membrane and the physiology of gas exchange that occurs at this site
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aorta>>systemic arteries>>capillary beds of tissues; systemic veins>> superior or inferior vena cava
ONCE IN THE BLOODSTREAM OXYGEN IS PICKED UP BY RED BLOOD CELLS AND INSIDE THE RBCs HEMOGLOBIN BINDS THE OXYGEN. EACH HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE CAN BIND FOUR OXYGEN MOLECULES. AT THIS STAGE IT IS SAID TO BE SATURATED WITH OXYGEN. THE PERCENT O2 SATURATION IS THE PERCENTAGE OF HEMOGLOBIN THAT ARE FULLY LOADED WITH OXYGEN. GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS AT THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE WHERE OXYGEN GOES THROUGH THE SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM>>BASEMENT MEMBRANE>>ENDOTHELIUM |
