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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Nationalism/Zionism/Colonialism1825-1914 people
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Jewish Zionists
1) Alkelai & Kalischer 2) Moses Hess 3)Smolensky, Lilienbloom, Pinsker 4) Theodore Herzl |
Arab Nationalists
1) Brutus Bustani 2) Sultan Hamid 3) 'Young Turks'/CUP 4) Sheriff Hussein & sons Faisal/Abdallah 5) Al Kaytana (Turkish-Arab Empire) society 6) Al Faitat (Independent Arab State) society 7) Mehmet Ali |
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Nationalism
1825-1914 events |
Napoleonic Ideas spread to MidEast; Napoleon Occupies Egypt from 1798-1801
- Equality, Fraternity, Liberty (basis of nationalism) 1827 Greece revolts gets independence from Ottoman Empire Mehmet Ali, commander in Ottoman army, rebels form empire; reforms Egyptian military/economy, promoted Euro education; modernized Egypt 1840s - France/British schools spread into MidEast; 1876 - Bulgarian Horros; Bulgarian rebellion brutally suppressed by Ottoman Emp; Russians step in 1878 Treaty of San Stefano; ends Russo-Turkish war, Bulgaria independence > Congress of Berlin/Treaty of Berlin: Bulgaria smaller, give parts of OttoEmp to Euros Euro Imperialism seems like Crusades, intensifies nationalist movements 1913 - Hussein family decides to rebel against OttoEmp, try to establish independent Arab State |
1740 Treaty of Capitulations:
France can protect Catholics/Catholic interests in Ottoman Empire 1774 Treaty of Kuchuck-Kainarji: Russia can protect Orthodox Christians in OttoEmp |
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WWI 1915-1920 people
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Brits
1) Sir Henry McMahon 2) Zionists 1) Felix Frankfurter 2) Chaim Weizmann |
Arabs
1) Sharif Hussein 2) Faisal/Abdallah Hussein |
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Independence/British Mandate
1921-1939 people |
Arabs
1) Abdulaziz al Saud (Ibn Saud) 2) Kemal Ataturk 3) Amin al-Husseini |
Brits
1) Prime Minister Ramsay 2) MacDonald |
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Independence/British Mandate
1921-1939 events |
1922 Churchill Memorandum
Limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to the "economic capacity of the country," Unclear but says Jews DO have right to be in Palestine 1922 Mandate Document Article 2 - Responsibility of the Mandate to secure a Jewish National Home Article 4 - Jewish Agency Article 6 - Facilitate Jewish Immigration Article 25 - Create Transjordan Article 27 - League consent (?) needed for any change Jewish Agency - Organization set up by Mandate system to facilitate Jewish Immigration 1915 ~ 85,000 Jews in Pstine 1936~ 400,000 Jews in Pstine Ottomans treated Jews as Dhimmi, now Jews are privileged under Brits = Arabs see them as sign of Imperialism Culture Shock (womens rights, socialism) 1929 Arab Riots > Haganah & Irgun formed; Jewish defense militias (sometimes very brutal) After 1929 riots, Brits investigated and concluded Arabs started riots cause of Jewish immigration After 1929 riots, Brits investigated and concluded Arabs started riots cause of Jewish immigration > Passfield White Paper - limit future Jewish immigration; but unpopular with Brits 1936 More riots started by Hajj Amin al-Husseini > sharp rise in Jew immigration from Nazi Germany 1937 Peel Commission - Arabs and Jews are incompatible, both too passionate about nationalism and zionism - Partition = peace/security .Arabs rejected this and Jews could not decide > more riots, Husseini escaped to Iraq 40% of Brit troops in Palestine to stop riots; WWII coming Brits need arabs on their side> 1939 White Paper - Less than 75,000 Jew immigrants over 5 years; any after that needed Arab approval - 95% of Palestine land off limits to Jewish buyers - Stopped many Jews from leaving Nazi Germany |
British Mandate system set up by 1920 San Remo Agreement was a colonial ploy, not real independence
Roads/Infrastructure/economy was built by Euros but also culture clash + tax collectors/troops Jewish people in Nazi Germany found refuge in Palestine during 1930s thanks to Brit policies But White Paper trapped Jews in Germany, set up AIC, gave Brits bad name for Arabs |
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Colonialism/Imperialism
1825-1914 events |
19th c. MidEast becomes part of Euro Balance of Power (BoP) politics
Euro powers defeat Mehmet Ali 1841 - London Straits Convention: 5 great powers (Russia, France, UK, Prussia, Austria) void 1833 Treat of Unikiar-Skilesi so no Russian warships allowed in Dardandelles > Crimean War 1853-1856 Crimean War + unification/rise of Germany & Italy shakes up Euro BoP > Imperialism ramps up |
1870s - Social Darwinism = Other societies are farther behind on a linear scale to civilizaiton and modernity, Euros must help them + OttoEmp crumbling > colonialism/imperialism
1875 - Brits buy share of Suez Canal (built in 69') 1878 Congress/Treaty of Berlin Brits get Cyprus, French has Algeria now gets Tunisia, Astro-Hungarians get Bosnia-Herzegovina 1881 - Egypt bankrupt; French/British invade, defeat Arabi 1882 - Brits seize Egypt 1896 Brits take Sudan, Southern Yemen, Bahrain 1899 Brits take Kuwait to counteract German railroad to Baghdad 1905 - France takes Morocco 1907 - Brits/Russians split Iran to counterbalance Germany 1911 - Italy takes Libya |
