Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Alfred Foucher
|
born 1865 and died 1952. A french scholar who identified the Buddha image as having Greek origins. In 1922, he was asked by the governments to organize an archaeological co-operative which he became the delegate of. His most famous work was The Beginnings of Buddhist Art in which he described Buddhist art prior to pan-hellenism was principally aniconic. Foucher argued that the first sculpted image of the Budddha were heavily influenced by Greek artists and he coined them as Greco-Buddhist art. Foucher assigned the first century as the starting point of anthropomorphic images of the buddha. A counter argument to Foucher's essay is Ananda Coomaraswamy "the origin of the buddha image.
|
|
|
ananda coomaraswamy
|
1877 to 1947 was a ceylonese philospher and metaphysician (Kantian), as well as pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, particularly in art history and symbolism. Attended Wycliffe College. University of London with a degree in geology and botany. He helped with the collection of Persian Art for the Freer Gallery in Washington Museum and Museum of Fine Arts. He was part of a literary circle around Rabindranath Tagore and contributed to the Swadeshi movement for Indian independence. In his later scholarship, he argued that the Mathura Buddhists from Pakistan were considered part of the Indian Renaissance.
|
|
|
anquetil duperron (orientalist)
|
comparative philology. 1735-1801. Misconceptions about Indian art did not show any improvement until the arrival of Anquetil-Duperron in India in 1754. During his lifetime Duperron was a controversial figure whose reputation received a severe blow from William Jones. Today, his place among the Orientalists is secured. The two key figures in the Oriental Renaissance were William Jones and Duperron. Anquetil's determination to learn these Asian languages that took him to India with the blessings of the Academy laid the foundations for comparative philology with the translation of Zend-Avesta. One misconception he had was to see the linga represented everywhere.
|
|
|
Ram Raz (orientalist)
|
1790-1830. RIchard Clarke, an English resident in India, recognized the linguistic talent of Raz and encouraged him to translate Sanskrit texts into English on architecture. Thus, in 1834 Europeans had their glimpse of original Indian texts.
Publication: The Essay on the Architecture of Hindus corrected William Jones misconception about Hindu temple architecture. |
|
|
David Kinsley
|
1939-2000. Interested in the diversity of human religious experience. Mcmaster University. Most famous publication is the sword and the flute about the dynamic between Kali and Krishna and Goddesses: Hindu Divisions of the Divine.
|
|
|
Diana Eck
|
1945- present. A professor at Harvard in Comparative Religious Studies and Indian Studies. Famous for writing about the religious experience between the viewer and the deity titled, "Darshan" and means "to see."
|
|
|
Partha Mitter
|
Most famous work, Much Maligned Monsters, which traces the history of European reactions to Indian art.
|
|
|
Michael Hutt
|
info
|
|
|
Thomas Coburn
|
info
|
|
|
Prataditya Pal
|
Publications: Art of Nepal (LACMA collection)
|
|
|
William Hodges
|
the first professional artist of some repute to arrive in India was William Hodges, famous as the draughtsman to accompany Captain Cook on one of his South Sea voyages. The publication of Indian sketches brought Hodges the coveted membership of the Royal Academy. He was a pioneer artist to work in aquatint, a medium, which lent itself well to the task of transferring watercolor sketches to print.The work that brought him recognition was Select Views in India (1786). The last two examples served to illustrate Hindu architecture from the primitive to the more elegant.
|
|
|
James Alexander
|
founder of the Ajanta Caves in 1819 after the original founder John Smith. These findings were published in 1830 in the Transactions of the Royal and Asiatic Society. He found that while the Ellora and Ajanta Caves were structurally similar, they had many stylistic differences.
|
|
|
William Daniells
|
1769-1837. Contributed to a new image of iNDIAN ART. William and his brother, Thomas, produced the finest European illustrations of Indian architecture of the nineteenth century as well as some of the finest specimens of book illustrations. They chose to use a new medium aquatint, used with much success previously by Hodges. acquiant great illustrations of Indian architecture, presenting their audience with a romantic india. Arrived in calcutta 1788. Views of Indian for a European market. Publication: A Picturesque Voyage to India (1810). also, between 1793 and 1805 works appeared in Oriental Scenery.
|
|
|
william jones
|
1746-1794. 2 divisions of scientific archaeology: prehistoric archaeology, which involves a cultural evolution and anthropology. And historic which is devoted to monumental remains. Jones established the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784. Translated the Sakantala to improve Sanskrit scholarship. Placed the study of Indian languages in par with other major civilizations. Jones' brilliant suggestion to write up a desiderata and art was not left out, he recognized art history as a discipline with the context of Indian art. providing the foundations for Indian art history.
|
|
|
James Burgess
|
info
|
|
|
James Fergusson
|
info
|
|
|
John Whelpton
|
n
|
|
|
W.G. Archer
|
n
|
|
|
Partha Mitter's Much Maligned Monsters concepts
|
n
|
|
|
n
|
n
|
|
|
Indus Valley Civilization 2400-1700
|
oldest agrarian civilization, Mohenjodaro and Harrapa, located in Sindh and Punjab. Highly organized society compatible to today's metropolitian cities. Advanced sewage system, pottery, trade and transportation systems, fired bricks and mortar as construction material. The artefacts found are the terracotta toys, figurines more than 2000 seals, bronze caste, evidence of standarized weight system.
|
|
|
Post Indus Valley- Vedic and Upsanishadic 1500-800 BC
|
Arrival of the Aryans on the Indian subcontinent, bringing new concepts including religion, new language, Sanskrit and the Varn (Color system) caste system. Aryan traditions were shaped over a long period of time by the indigenous cultures of the Subcontinent. Introduced gods and goddesses. Vedas (knowledge0- sacred text orally, consits of hymns to vedic gods, oldest and most important compsed in 1500 vc, foundation for vedic mythologies. Upanishads - new idea (questions metaphysical aspect of life) ,concept is about samsara and karma, non-duality versus duality, divine and individual, bhakti, moksha. Upsanishadic Period: Foundation for Hinduism and Buddhism. No artefacts from this time period have been discovered Buddhism is introduced by Princwe Siddhartha.
|
|
|
Maurya Period 322-185 BC
|
King Ashoka grandson of Chandragupta Maury who unified India and appears as the most powerful ruler. Change of heart after bloody war-repent and become Buddhist.
Visited all sites where Buddha had been erected thousands of Stupas all over india Most important feature of this period- transition of use of wood to stone as a material for art production Ashoka erected a pillar on each site important to Buddhism. For example, Sarnath Lambini. |
|
|
Sunga Period 185-72 BC
|
was an ancient Indian dynasty that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent.
It was established after the Mauryan Empire who murdered the last Mauryan emperor. He ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son, Agnimitra. The arts, education, and philosophy blossomed uring this period, including large amounts of terra cotta works and sculpture. the sunga rulers helped to establish the tradition0r royal sponsorship and art. The Sunga Empire played an important role in creased artisitic development with the rise of the Mathura school of art. During the Sunga period, arts, education, and philosophy blossomed, including large amounts of sculpture works. The Sunga rulers helped to establish the tradition of royal sponsorship of education and art. The Sunga Empire played an important role in patronizing Indian culture, increased artistry developed in this period.. The Tree capital Vedika pillar with Greek Warrio and Caitya Hall are all important artefacts |
|
|
Rock Cut Architecture 2nd to 1st centuries early Andhra Pradesh
|
nn
|
