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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What are 2 basic methods used for classification of marine sediments?
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1- Genetic
2- Descriptive |
Classified by Origins
Classified by Texture Differences |
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Marine sediments originate by which three basic processes?
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Biological
Physical Chemical |
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What are the physical genetic classifications?
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Terrigenous
Cosmogenous |
There are 2 out of the 4 genetic classifications.
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What is the chemical genetic classification?
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Hydrogenous
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1/4
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What is the biological genetic classification?
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Biogenous
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1/4
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What is the classification for sediment 'made by earth'?
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Terrigenous
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What is the classification for sediment 'made by space'?
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Cosmogenous
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What is the classification for sediment 'made by life'?
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Biogenous
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What is the classification for sediment 'made by water'?
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Hydrogenous
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What are 3 basic ways terrigenous sediments transported?
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1 - Rivers
2 - Wind 3 - Turbidity Currents |
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What is wind blown dust that accumulates slowly far from continental margins?
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Abyssal clays
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After the slope and after the rise, comes the ___ plain...
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What is volcanogenic sediment an example of?
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Terrigenous sediment
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It is wind blown ash from volcanoes.
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What is glacial marine sediment an example of?
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Terrigenous sediment
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Ice rafted debris
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What makes meteor debris floating in the sea cosmogenous sediment and not hydrogenous sediment?
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Hydrogenous sediment MUST be a mineral precipitated out of seawater chemically.
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Biogenous sediments originate from what?
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Biological processes
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Ex: Skeletal remains of both microscopic and macroscopic organisms as well as organic matter
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Ooze is made up of what percentage of biogenous material?
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>30%
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If ooze was 27,000 lbs+, then total biogenous material would (in lbs) weigh...OVER NINE THOUSAND!!!!!
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Order of abundance of genetic classifications of sediment:
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(Highest -> Lowest)
Terrigenous Biogenous Hydrogenous Cosmogenous |
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What is the most common type of hydrogenous sediment?
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Manganese nodules
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What is the diameter range of size class Boulder?
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> 256 mm
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Coarsest of the 7 Grain Size Classifications
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Q: What is the diameter range of size class Cobble?
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A: 64-256mm
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H: Smaller than Boulder, Larger than Pebble
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Q: What is the diameter range of size class Pebble?
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A: 4-64mm
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H: Smaller than Cobble, Larger than Granule
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Q: What is the diameter range of size class Granule?
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A: 2-4mm
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H: Smaller than Pebble, Larger than Sand
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Q: What is the diameter range of size class Sand?
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A: 1/16 – 2 mm
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H: Smaller than Granule, Larger than Silt
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Q: What is the diameter range of size class Silt?
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A: 1/256 – 1/16 mm
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H: Smaller than Sand, Larger than Clay
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Q: What is the diameter range of size class Clay?
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A: 1/4096 – 1/256 mm
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H: Finest of the 7 Grain Size Classifications
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Q: What does the grain size of a sediment indicate about the environment where the grains were transported & deposited?
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A: Gives an indication of the energy of the environment
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H: How much ___ would it take to transport a Boulder vs. Sand
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Q: How is the sediment size class Clay different from the mineral clay?
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A: The mineral is terrigenous though their individual particle sizes DO match up to the sediment size class in question. :p
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H: My president is black, my mineral is clay-(doo) and I’ll be g-d*mned if its size ain’t too!
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Q: Of the calcareous ooze, what is an example of the phytoplankton and the zooplankton?
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A: P- Coccolithospores, Fine grained chalk
Z – Foraminifera, Chambered tests (skeletons of plankton) |
P - Disks stacked on each other to form a sphere
Z - A spherical shell with spikes |
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Q: Of the siliceous ooze, what is an example of the phytoplankton and the zooplankton?
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A: P- Diatoms, Diatomite
Z – Radiolarians, Opal |
P - Fat CD's with layered dots
Z - One of those prickly things trees drop |
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Q: The CCD is the depth below which what happens & why?
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A: Carbonate stops accumulating as water gets colder since colder water dissolves more carbonate
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H: Colder water has the ability to do what to carbonate?
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Q: The CCD stands for?
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A: Calcite Compensation Depth
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Q: The depth of the CCD is controlled by what 4 factors?
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A: 1 – Temperature
2 – Pressure 3 – Local Chemistry 4 – Biological Productivity |
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Q: In what regions can siliceous ooze be found preserved & buried?
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A: In regions UNDER the CCD of high productivity
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Q: What factor makes siliceous ooze difficult to accumulate?
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A: Seawater; it dissolves it easily
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Q: In regions of low productivity, what can be found above the calcareous ooze?
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A: Abyssal clay (fine grained, accumulates slowly, below the CCD & away from diluting sediment types)
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Q: HCl + CaCO3 -> ?
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A: CO2, via bubbling
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H: Does chalk bubble or not?
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Q: HCl + SiO2 -> ?
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A: NOT CO2 (aka no bubbling)
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H: Does diatomite bubble or not?
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