Espm 114 Lec 6

Front 1

witout any limit a population should grow ____

Back 1

exponentially

Front 2

r= instantaneous rate of growth=individuals produced per individual per small unit of time (what's the eqt)

Back 2

** r = ln λ
**any positive values for r
when λ=1, r = 0
λ>1, r>0
λ<1, r < 0

means its growing exponentially

**still a per capital rate (but at a tiny time step)

Front 3

the change (Δ) in per capita population (N) over a tiny change in time (Δt) = ΔN/Δt = instantaneous rate of pop. change (growth)

Back 3

dN/dt = rN

**equation for prediting population growth

Front 4

Environmental carrying capacity (k)

Back 4

the point at which the population stops growing **capacity of the environment to "carry" a population **as a population grows, more factors will be limiting. these limitations curtail population growth.

**the size of the population when r=0 (λ =1) is the environmental K

Front 5

Growth w/o limit is ____. and growth with environmental limit is _____.

Back 5

exponential growth. environmental growth

Front 6

Desnsity dependence:

Back 6

population growth RATE decreases with increasing density

Front 7

what are the two braod categories of mortality?

Back 7

**Intrinsic (internal) **Extrinsic (external)

Front 8

Intrinsic

Back 8

Genetic factors, organ failure, senescence (dying of old age), inherited disease

Front 9

Extrinsic

Back 9

predation, starvation, weather, disease

Front 10

two ways to define logevity (life-span)

Back 10

1) Physiological longevity 2) Ecological longevity

Front 11

physiological longevity

Back 11

longevity under ideal conditions (death is by intrinsic factors) **how long a species can live to (a limit to its life span)

Front 12

Ecological longevity

Back 12

More typical longevity, included extrinsic and intrinsic factors **how long can animal live in the wild? factors contribute to their death

Front 13

In the survivorship curves what is Type I, 2, and 3 species

Back 13

Type 1--- long live species; generally larger **Type 2-- mid-lived species (midium size) **Type 3 are short lived species (small animals)

Front 14

[r vs. K selected species] what is r-selected species?

Back 14

r-selected species ('boom and bust') **have high r_max **is type III survivorship **low parental care (usaully small animals)

Front 15

K-selected species

Back 15

**have low r_max **type I surviorship **high parental care

Front 16

[density-dependent vs. density-independent mortality] What does it means by density-dependent mortality?

Back 16

means that mortality (death) rate is a function of population density (higher density= higher mortality rate)

Front 17

D-dependent [what] causes mortality

Back 17

predation, disease, starvation

Front 18

Density-independent mortality

Back 18

mortality is independent of population density (random/stochastic)

Front 19

cause of D-independent morality

Back 19

Catastrophes, pollution, weather

Front 20

how do we incorporate carrying capacity (K) in estimation how a population will grow? [equation of desity-dependent growth factor]

Back 20

[Carrying capacity (K)  population size (N)] / carrying capacity (K)

basically:
[K-N] / K = unsused portion of the carrying capcity

Front 21

dN/dt= rN= exponential population growth **nice but not realistic.

what is a more realistic, logistic growth equation (model)?

Back 21

is simply the addition of a density-dependent growth factor to our exponential growth equation.

dN/dt=rN mutiply by (K-N)/K

*alternate form: rN*(1- N/K)

**this is use to identify new individuals (growth)