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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Макроскопска анатомия
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○ 25 см
○ 6 шиен-10 гръден прешлен Шиен хранопровод Гръден ○ Хемиазигос-ляво ○ Азигос-дясно Абдоминален 4 стеснения ○ Горен езофагеален сфинктер-15 см от резците ○ Аортна дъга ○ Ляв главен бронх ○ Долен езофагеален сфинктер |
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Кръвоснабдяване
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○ Truncus thyrocervicalis
○ Директно от аортата и бронхиалните артерии ○ A. Gastrica sinistra Лява долна диафрагмална вена Венозен дренаж ○ Долни щитовидни вени ○ V. Azygos, v. Hemiazygos ○ V.gastrica sinistra Лимфен отток |
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Инервация
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* N.vagus
* Nn. Recurentes vagi * Симпатикови влакна * Плексус Ауербахи-междумускулен * Плексус Маиснери-субмукозен Физиология |
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The pharynx and the UES are supplied by
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small arteries originating from the superior thyroid arteries.
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Inferior Thyroid Arteries: Cervical Esophagus
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paired inferior thyroid arteries
They arise from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery. The inferior thyroid arteries give off branches 2 cm to 3 cm long called tracheoesophageal arteries. |
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Tracheobronchial and Bronchoesophageal Arteries: Intrathoracic Esophagus
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The intrathoracic esophagus receives blood from two sources (Fig. 14-20): the unpaired tracheobronchial arteries,27,89 which arise as a group from the concavity of the aortic arch27 and can number between one and four; and the bronchoesophageal artery
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Aortic Proper Esophageal Artery: Intrathoracic Esophagus
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One (or rarely, two) unpaired proper esophageal artery with a luminal diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm may arise more caudally from the anterior aspect of the descending aorta
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Left Gastric and Splenic Arteries: Abdominal Esophagus and Gastric Cardia
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With as many as 11 arterial branches, the left gastric artery mainly supplies the anterior and right lateral aspects of the esophageal wall. The splenic artery primarily supports the posterior and left lateral aspects (cardiac notch) by either one or two direct branches
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Intramural, Intrinsic Arteries
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Having penetrated both layers of the muscular wall, the small vessels form the submucosal plexus
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Venous Drainage
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The intramural, intrinsic veins commence as fine venules to form the subepithelial plexus
The extrinsic veins drain into the locally corresponding large vessels. The superior vessels drain to the jugular veins or the azygos and hemiazygos veins. The inferior veins terminate in the left gastric and splenic veins. |
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lymph nodes
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Paratracheal
Tracheobronchial bifurcation Juxtaesophageal Intraaorticoesophageal The lymph of the abdominal esophagus empties into the following lymph nodes: Superior gastric Pericardiac Inferior diaphragmatic |
