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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define ESOPHAGEAL CA AND ESOPHAGUS |
Esophageal cancer - cancer that occurs in the esophagus -a long, hollow tube that runs from your throat to your stomach. esophagus helps move the food you swallow from the back of your throat to your stomach to be digested. |
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Two types of Esophageal Cancer and define |
Squamous cell carcinoma – forms the thin, flat cells lining the esophagus Adenocarcinoma – begins in glandular cells. Glandular cells in the lining of the esophagus produce and release fluids such as mucus. |
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RISK FACTORS: ESO CA |
•Age •Gender •use of tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and chewing tobacco •Drinking alcohol •GERD |
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RISK FACTORS: squamous cell carcinoma |
●Chronic ingestion of hot liquids or foods ● Nutritional deficiencies ● Poor oral hygiene ● Exposure to nitrosamines in the environment or food ● Cigarette smoking ●Esophageal medical conditions ( caustic injury ) |
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Signs and Symptoms |
● Dysphagia ● Sensation of a mass in the throat ● Painful swallowing ● Substernal pain● Regurgitation of undigested food with halitosis and hiccups |
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Later symptoms: |
● substernal pain ● Persistent hiccup ● Respiratory difficulty ● Halitosis |
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ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSTIC TEST |
Esophagealgastroduodenoscopy Biopsy CT scan positron emission tomography (PET) scan Endoscopic ultrasound Exploratory laparoscopy barium swallow |
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- a procedure use to examine the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
Esophagealgastroduodenoscopy |
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can be used to determine the presence of disease and cell differentiation |
Biopsy |
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of the chest and abdomen is beneficial for detecting any anatomic evidence of metastatic disease |
CT scan |
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may also help detect metastasis |
positron emission tomography (PET) scan |
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is used to determined whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and other mediastinal structures |
Endoscopic ultrasound |
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is the best method for finding positive lymph nodes |
Exploratory laparoscopy |
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is an imaging test that checks for problems in upper GI tract. Such as mouth, back of the throat, esophagus, stomach, and first part of small intestine |
barium swallow, (esophagogram) |
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Preoperative nursing managementNURSING MANAGEMENT |
Improving the patient's nutritional and physical status in preparation for surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Promote weight gain based on a high-calorie and highprotein diet, in liquid or soft form |
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Postoperative nursing management |
Patient is placed in a low Fowler position NGT Care to check the amount of drainage Assess if there is fluid and electrolytes Observed carefully for regurgitation and dyspnea |
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may help patients with gastric distress |
Antacids |
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is useful in promoting gastric motility |
Metoclopramide |
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ND |
*Altered Nutrition: less than body requirements related to difficulty in swallowing. *Fluid volume deficit related to painful swallowing and decreased nutrition *Anxiety related to threat of death disease |
