Esl - Parts Of English Speech

Front 1

Absolute Phrases

Back 1

A group of words that modifies an independent clause as a whole. An <..><..> is made up of a noun and its modifiers. It may precede, follow, or interrupt the main clause:
Their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, the storks circled high above us.The storks circled high above us, their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky.

Front 2

Adjectives

Back 2

are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.

Front 3

Adverbs

Back 3

Are words that modify: * a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?); * an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?); * another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

Front 4

Determiners/ Articles

Back 4

are those little words that precede and modify nouns

Front 5

Clauses

Back 5

is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb A clause can be usefully distinguished from a phrase, which is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb relationship.

Front 6

Complements

Back 6

is any word or phrase that completes the sense of a subject, an object, or a verb. As you will see, the terminology describing predicates and <..> can overlap and be a bit confusing. Students are probably wise to learn one set of terms, not both.

Front 7

Coordinated Adjectives

Back 7

are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.

Front 8

Conjunctions

Back 8

is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

Front 9

Direct Objects

Back 9

is the receiver of action within a sentence, as in "He hit the ball." Be careful to distinguish between a direct <..> and an object <…>:

Front 10

Indirect Objects

Back 10

identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed. The direct <…> and <…> object are different people or places or things.

Front 11

Interjections

Back 11

are words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command. They sometimes stand by themselves, but they are often contained within larger structures.

Front 12

Nouns

Back 12

is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a <...>. A proper <..>, which names a specific person, place, or thing (Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia, Presbyterianism, God, Spanish, Buddhism, the Republican Party), is almost always capitalized. A proper <..> used as an addressed person's name is called a <..> of address. Common <..> name everything else, things that usually are not capitalized.

Front 13

Phrases

Back 13

is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb relationship, such as "in the morning" or "running down the street" or "having grown used to this harassment." A <...> is different than a clause, which is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb.

Front 14

Predicates

Back 14

is the completer of a sentence. The subject names the "do-er" or "be-er" of the sentence; the <..> does the rest of the work. A simple <..> consists of only a verb, verb string, or compound verb.

Front 15

Prepositions

Back 15

describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. In itself, a word like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to define a <..> like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else. <...> are nearly always combined with other words in structures called <...> phrases.

Front 16

Pronouns

Back 16

Generally (but not always) <..> stand for <..> or refer to a noun, an individual or individuals or thing or things (the <..>'s antecedent) whose identity is made clear earlier in the text. For instance, we are bewildered by writers who claim something like

Front 17

Subjects

Back 17

is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb. Ask the question, "Who or what 'verbs' or 'verbed'?" and the answer to that question is the subject. For instance, in the sentence "The computers in the Learning Center must be replaced," the verb is "must be replaced." What must be replaced? The computers. So the subject is "computers." A simple subject is the subject of a sentence stripped of modifiers.

Front 18

Verbs

Back 18

(..) carry the idea of being or action in the sentence. * I am a student. * The students passed all their courses. As we will see on this page, verbs are classified in many ways. First, some verbs require an object to complete their meaning: "She gave _____ ?" Gave what? She gave money to the church. These verbs are called transitive. Verbs that are intransitive do not require objects: "The building collapsed." In English, you cannot tell the difference between a transitive and intransitive verb by its form; you have to see how the verb is functioning within the sentence. In fact, a verb can be both transitive and intransitive: "The monster collapsed the building by sitting on it."

Front 19

ARTICLES

Back 19

a, an, and the.

Front 20

NOUN

Back 20

name of anything,

Front 21

ADJECTIVES

Back 21

tell the kind of noun,

Front 22

VERBS

Back 22

tell of something being done /action

Front 23

ADVERBS

Back 23

tell how things are done

Front 24

CONJUNCTIONS

Back 24

join the words together: and, or

Front 25

PREPOSITION

Back 25

stands before the noun: in, through, at

Front 26

INTERJECTION

Back 26

shows surprise!

Front 27

PARTS of SPEECH - 8

Back 27

Article, Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition, Interjection

Front 28

PRONOUN

Back 28

Is a word that takes the place of a noun. Can be in one of three cases: Subject, Object, or Possessive.

Front 29

WHO v WHOM

Back 29

Use the he/him method to decide which word is correct: he = who, him = whom

Front 30

THAT v WHICH

Back 30

That and which refer to groups or things. That introduces essential clauses while which introduces nonessential clauses.

Front 31

A v An

Back 31

use (.. ) when the following letter is a vowel or has a vowel sound.

Front 32

Adjectives

Back 32

are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.

Front 33

Adverbs

Back 33

Are words that modify: * a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?); * an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?); * another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

Front 34

Determiners/ Articles

Back 34

are those little words that precede and modify nouns

Front 35

Clauses

Back 35

is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb A clause can be usefully distinguished from a phrase, which is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb relationship, such as "in the morning" or "running down the street" or "having grown used to this harassment." A review of the different kinds of phrases might be helpful.

Front 36

Complements

Back 36

is any word or phrase that completes the sense of a subject, an object, or a verb. As you will see, the terminology describing predicates and <..> can overlap and be a bit confusing. Students are probably wise to learn one set of terms, not both.

Front 37

Coordinated Adjectives

Back 37

are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.

Front 38

Conjunctions

Back 38

is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

Front 39

Direct Objects

Back 39

is the receiver of action within a sentence, as in "He hit the ball." Be careful to distinguish between a direct <..> and an object <…>:

Front 40

Indirect Objects

Back 40

identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed. The direct <…> and <…> object are different people or places or things.

Front 41

Interjections

Back 41

are words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command. They sometimes stand by themselves, but they are often contained within larger structures.

Front 42

Nouns

Back 42

is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a <...>. A proper <..>, which names a specific person, place, or thing (Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia, Presbyterianism, God, Spanish, Buddhism, the Republican Party), is almost always capitalized. A proper <..> used as an addressed person's name is called a <..> of address. Common <..> name everything else, things that usually are not capitalized.

Front 43

Predicates

Back 43

is the completer of a sentence. The subject names the "do-er" or "be-er" of the sentence; the <..> does the rest of the work. A simple <..> consists of only a verb, verb string, or compound verb.

Front 44

Prepositions

Back 44

describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. In itself, a word like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to define a <..> like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else. <...> are nearly always combined with other words in structures called <...> phrases.

Front 45

Pronouns

Back 45

Generally (but not always) <..> stand for <..> or refer to a noun, an individual or individuals or thing or things (the <..>'s antecedent) whose identity is made clear earlier in the text. For instance, we are bewildered by writers who claim something like

Front 46

Subjects

Back 46

is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb. Ask the question, "Who or what 'verbs' or 'verbed'?" and the answer to that question is the subject. For instance, in the sentence "The computers in the Learning Center must be replaced," the verb is "must be replaced." What must be replaced? The computers. So the subject is "computers." A simple subject is the subject of a sentence stripped of modifiers.

Front 47

Verbs

Back 47

(..) carry the idea of being or action in the sentence. * I am a student. * The students passed all their courses. As we will see on this page, verbs are classified in many ways. First, some verbs require an object to complete their meaning: "She gave _____ ?" Gave what? She gave money to the church. These verbs are called transitive. Verbs that are intransitive do not require objects: "The building collapsed." In English, you cannot tell the difference between a transitive and intransitive verb by its form; you have to see how the verb is functioning within the sentence. In fact, a verb can be both transitive and intransitive: "The monster collapsed the building by sitting on it."

Front 48

ARTICLES

Back 48

a, an, and the.

Hint 48

Three little words you often see

Front 49

NOUN

Back 49

name of anything,

Hint 49

As: school or garden, toy, or swing.

Front 50

ADJECTIVES

Back 50

tell the kind of noun,

Hint 50

As: great, small, pretty, white, or brown.

Front 51

VERBS

Back 51

tell of something being done /action

Hint 51

To read, write, count, sing, jump, or run.

Front 52

ADVERBS

Back 52

tell how things are done

Hint 52

As: slowly, quickly, badly, well.

Front 53

CONJUNCTIONS

Back 53

join the words together: and, or

Hint 53

As: men and women, wind or weather.

Front 54

PREPOSITION

Back 54

stands before the noun: in, through, at

Hint 54

A noun as: in or through a door.

Front 55

INTERJECTION

Back 55

shows surprise!

Hint 55

As: Oh, how pretty! Ah! how wise!

Front 56

PARTS of SPEECH - 8

Back 56

Article, Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition, Interjection

Hint 56

ANAVACPI

Front 57

PRONOUN

Back 57

Is a word that takes the place of a noun. Can be in one of three cases: Subject, Object, or Possessive.

Hint 57

http://www.grammarbook.com/default.asp

Front 58

WHO v WHOM

Back 58

Use the he/him method to decide which word is correct: he = who, him = whom

Hint 58

http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/pronoun.asp

Front 59

THAT v WHICH

Back 59

That and which refer to groups or things. That introduces essential clauses while which introduces nonessential clauses.

Hint 59

http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/whoVwhVt.asp

Front 60

A v An

Back 60

use (.. ) when the following letter is a vowel or has a vowel sound.