Es344: The Cerebral Hemispheres (Unit 2)

Front 1

Functional Areas of the Cerebrum:

Cortical Areas

Back 1

» Named given to areas of the cerebral cortex according to FUNCTION.

Front 2

Cortical Areas in the Frontal Lobe:

Primary Motor Cortex Area 4

Back 2

» Located at the Precentral gyrus and anterior paracentral lobule.
» Contains the motor homonculus.

Function - Voluntary motor movement.

Front 3

Cortical Areas in the Frontal Lobe:

Supplementary Motor Area 6

Back 3

» Higher order motor cortex and is superior to the premotor area.

Function - Action initiation and influences distal musculature.

Front 4

Cortical Areas in the Frontal Lobe:

Premotor Area 6

Back 4

» Higher order motor cortex.

Function - Action initiation and influences proximal musculature.

Front 5

Cortical Areas in the Frontal Lobe:

Broca's Area / Area 44

Back 5

» Located on the posterior aspect of the inferior frontal gyrus, (specifically on the operculum) in the language hemisphere of the brain.

Function - Responsible for motor speech.

*The operculum lies in both cerebral hemispheres, but in the language hemisphere it becomes more specialized in function and is Broca's Area.

Front 6

Cortical Areas in the Parietal Lobe:

Primary Somatosensory Cortex Area 3, 1, 2

Back 6

» Located at the postcentral gyrus and the posterior paracentral lobule.
» Contains the sensory homonculus, i.e: sensory body map.

Function - Somatosensory.

Front 7

Cortical Areas in the Parietal Lobe --> Sensory Association Areas:

Areas 5 & 7 / Posterior Parietal Cortex

Back 7

Area 5 - Involved with somatic sensation.

Area 7 - involved with visual stimuli.

Front 8

Cortical Areas in the Parietal Lobe --> Sensory Association Areas:

Effect of LESIONS in Areas 5 & 7 / Posterior Parietal Cortex

Back 8

» Astereognosis - unable to recognize objects by feeling.

» Neglect Syndrome

Front 9

Cortical Areas in the Occipital Lobe:

Primary Visual Cortex Area 17 & 18 & 19

Back 9

» Located at the upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus.

Function - Vision

Front 10

Cortical Areas in the Temporal Lobe:

Primary Auditory Cortex Area 41

Back 10

» Located on a portion of the superior temporal gyrus.

Function - Hearing

Front 11

Cortical Areas in the Temporal Lobe:

Auditory Association Area 42

Back 11

» Surrounds cortex Area 41

Front 12

Cortical Areas in the Temporal Lobe:

Wernicke's Area / Area 22

Back 12

» Located on the posterior third of the superior temporal gyrus of the language hemisphere of the brain.

Function - Responsible for comprehension of the written and spoken word.

Front 13

"Primary" cortical area

Back 13

» Responsible for the awareness of sensation.

Front 14

"Association" Area

Back 14

» Integrates more complex aspects of a sensation.

Front 15

"Multimodal association" areas

Back 15

» Integrates many areas of the cerebral cortex.

Front 16

Somatosensory

Back 16

(i) Primary Somatosensory Cortex Area 3, 1, 2

(ii) Sensory Association Areas 5 & 7 / Posterior Parietal Cortex

Front 17

Visual

Back 17

(i) Primary Visual Cortex Area 17

(ii) Visual Association Area 18

(iii) Visual Association Area 19

Front 18

Auditory

Back 18

(i) Primary Auditory Cortex Area 41

(ii) Auditory Association Area 42

Front 19

Multimodal Association Ara

Back 19

(i) Cingulate Gyrus
Function - Emotions

(ii) Wernicke's Area 22