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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the Mesozoic, what did the food webs look like?
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There were 10 times more herbivores than carnivores- which time period?
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What kind of dentition do dinosaurs have? Acrodont, Pleurodont, or Thecodont?
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Thecodont
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Most Vertebrates are...and so are most dinosaurs are....
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Homodont (same shapes)
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Most mammals are...
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heterodont (having different shapes)
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Polyphyodont (in fish, amphibs, reptiles)
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tooth replacement continues throughout life
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Diphyodont (mammals)
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only 2 generations of teeth (juvenile and adult)
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Having only two sets of teeth is good for...
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Precise Occlusion, meeting of the two jaws into contact
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What is needed for chewing in mammals? List two things.
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Diphyodonty and heterodonty
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Hypsodonty
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tall teeth in order for herbivores to have a life-long set of teeth even after they are worn down
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Fish eaters have what kind of teeth?
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Piscivores, homodont, pointed teeth for catching prety
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Horsetails
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develop "fruiting body" that releases spores
need water to germinate |
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Ferns
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Two stage life-cycle
- Sporophyte- gives off spores - Gametophyte- a developing spore |
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Cycads
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"sego palms"
- thick leaves to resist predation - male plants give off pollen - female plants have seeds |
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Ginkgo
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first "woody" plants
stinky seeds that reptiles like |
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Conifers
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very tough leaves
Fruity bodies both monoecious and dioecious |
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Angiosperms
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flowering plant
seed covered by a fruit |
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Name some characteristics of Sauropods
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long necks, long tails
disproportionally small heads teeth built for scraping plants hydraulic necks (air pockets) |
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Camarassaurs, Brachiosaurs
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robust teeth for heavy wear, nostrils large and anterior to the orbits
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Titanosaurids
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Sauropods that develop dermal armor
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Ornithischian Novelties
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1. Bird hips (reverse pubis)
2. Leaf-shaped teeth 3. Lower jaw with predentary bone 4. Network of bony ligaments- stiffen backbone |
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Thyrephorans
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"Armored dinosaurs"
herbivorous characterized by osteoderms,- scutes quadrapedal solitary |
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Ankylosaurs
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Broad skulls with armor covering sutures and the supratemporal fenestrae
very complex nasal structure Synsacrum with horizontal ilium tail spikes and clubs |
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Stegosaurs
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tiny skulls
horizontal tail spikes parasagittal plate- like osteoderms, not spiky stegosaurs plates |
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Marginocephalia
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"Margin Heads"- HUGE heads
very endemic, but numerous head butting |
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Ornithopods
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Large group of herbivores
Herding herbivores most efficient chewing system in vertebrates "Duck-billed" dinosaur |
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Colorado Plateau
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Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico
relatively geologically stable since the Mesozoic since it was uprooted from the ground |
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Triassic (Colorado Plateau)
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- large fluctuations in weather due to large continents
highlands to the west and east due to subduction off the west coast Chinle Formation was the major one Petrified Forest National Park |
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Inhabitants of Petrified Forest
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Metaposaurs, Therapsids, Sphenodontants, Procolophonids
huge diversity of crutorsis |
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Triassic Dinosaurs
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Prosauropods, Small Theropods, Ornithischians
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Jurassic Colorado Plateau
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more arid
deposition of the Morrison Formation Still "hot house" |
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Morrison Formation
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In the Jurassic
Braided streams, flood plains, swamplands Dinosaur National Monument, Cleveland Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry |
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Cretaceous Colorado Plateau
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Less fluctuation in climate, stable tropics into high latitudes
still a "hot house" retreat of interior seaway connects east and west N. America |
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Grand Staircase
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Chimle Formation- Triassic
Morrison Formation- Jurassic Kaiparowth Formation- Late Cretaceous |
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Diversity in dinosaurs in Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
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Triassic- limited diversity
Jurassic- increasing diversity dominated by sauropods and mid-sized carnivores Cretaceous- increase in diversity, esp. in herbivores. increase in size, rise in angiosperms |
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Ornithodirans
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includes pterosaurs and dinosaurs
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Characteristics of Pterosaura
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hollow bones
large brains wings supported by 4th digit short trunk |
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Two groups of pterosaurs
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Rhamphorynchoids (mid Triassic to late Jurassic)
Pterodactloids (Early Jurassic to end Cretaceous) |
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Quetzalcoatlus
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largest flyer to evolve
didn't weigh more than a large man though. bones were light |
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Birds are more related to crocodiles than lizards??
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Yes
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Are Birds dinosaurs?
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Maniraptorian dinosaurs
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