Es 101 Ch 3

Front 1

Origins of Slavery//nature of dominant-minority group relations

Back 1

From indentured servants (1619) to slave laws (1660s), slavery had been clearly defined in law and custom; idea of owning another person had been thoroughly institutionalized

Front 2

Labor Supply Problem

Back 2

• Agriculturally based society needed cheap labor; white indentured servants dwindled; American Indians were dying or strong enough to fight back
• Slave trade est. in 1500s could be expanded; eventually kidnapped millions of Africans as slaves to cultivate lands, and generate profits, status, and success
• PARADOX at core of US society established: freedom and individual liberty build on basis of slavery

Front 3

The Noel Hypothesis

Back 3

if 2 or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result

Front 4

Ethnocentrism

Back 4

tendency to judge other groups, societies, or lifestyles by the standards of one's own culture

Front 5

Competition

Back 5

a struggle over scarce commodity often leading to harsh, negative feelings (prejudice) and hostile actions (discrimination

Front 6

Differential power or a differential ability

Back 6

ability of a group to achieve its goals even in the face of opposition from other groups

Front 7

Blauner Hypothesis

Back 7

Colonized minority groups will experience more intense prejudice, racism, and discrimination than those created by immigration.

Disadvantaged status of colonized groups will persist longer and be more difficult to overcome than the disadvantaged status faced by groups created by immigration

Front 8

Paternalistic Relations

Back 8

• Vast power differentials and huge inequalities between dominant and minority groups
• Elaborate and repressive systems of control over the minority group
• Caste-like barriers between groups
• Elaborate and highly stylized codes of behavior and communication between groups
• Low rates of overt conflict

Front 9

American Indians and the Noel Hypothesis

Back 9

not enslaved because competition with whites centered on land, not labor; often successful in resisting domination

Front 10

American Indians and the Blauner Hypothesis

Back 10

colonized minority group who faced high levels of prejudice, racism, and discrimination; controlled by paternalistic systems (reservations) and coercively acculturated; negative consequences of colonized minority group status will persist long after the contact situation has been resolved

Front 11

American Indians - Gender Relations

Back 11

Generally had a strict gender-division of labor; but not necessarily in a negative manner
Some had great responsibility and controlled wealth; some took care of livestock

Front 12

Mexican Americans in Texas

Back 12

• Heavy competition between Anglo-Texans and TEjanos led to full-scale war when mexico was defeated
• Land loss of Texas and SW, became conquered people AND minority group → badly outnumbered, rights ignored, increased violence and increased dominance

Front 13

Mexican Americans in California

Back 13

• Anglos wanted proof of Californios ownership in English-speaking, Anglo-controlled courts
• Anglos took over, suppressed heritage, used violence and other laws to exploit and repress→wealth from gold mining went to Anglos

Front 14

Mexican Americans in Arizona and New Mexico

Back 14

• Arizona – Mexican immigrants seeked work; economic and political structure taken by Anglos
• New Mexico – Mexicans still retained some power due to size and skill of mobilizing, still ended in creation of minority group status

Front 15

Mexican Americans and the Noel Hypothesis

Back 15

came with prejudice; competed for land; TX, CA size of power differential dominated Mexicans/ NM – groups more evenly matched and able to retain some power

Front 16

Mexican Americans and the Blauner Hypothesis

Back 16

labor and land coveted; colonized minority group – coercive acculturation, suppression of culture established dominant culture

Front 17

Mexican Americans - Gender Relations

Back 17

Divided – women raised children and household tasks; changed to women getting jobs and making decisions when men were absent for long periods of time