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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetic immunization attractive why
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simple method of delivering vaccines
, DNA is chemically simple, stable, consistent, replicative, and ez to manipulate |
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other vaccine models
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as protein or carbohydrate
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Cohen and Boyer
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1974
discovered that genes from bacteria could be combined with genes from higher organisms |
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genetic fingerprinting
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1984
same species could be distinguished based on only a sample of their DNA screen for diseases |
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more advantages of DNA and GI
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not whole pathogens, safer. greater control
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Recombinant methods were applied in ____ to transfect_____ with a heterologous ______ gene to produce the encoded surface antigen ....approved in
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1984 yeast
Hepatitis 1999 |
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Heterologous
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heterologous transplant means 'between species' or between different spaces, on protein
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antibody titers
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a measurement of how much antibody an organism has produced that recognizes a particular epitope
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epitope
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also know as antigenic determinant, is the part of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells.
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“clean” vaccines aka not whole pathogen problems
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low immunogenicity
an effective adjuvant must be identified empirically for each antigen |
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murine
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ratsies
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adjuvants
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agents that modify the effect of other agents while having few effects themselves. aka chemical catalysts.
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The first commercial gene vaccine was released for
also horses |
West Nile Virus infections in dogs by Fort Dodge Animal Health
also horses against glanders disease |
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ELI
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antigen search tool
expression library immunization |
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Simple needle injections, which deliver inocula
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extracellular muscle or dermal tissue space [45], have proven to be reasonably effective in many animals [46] but not primates [47]
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gene gun vs im injectionz
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painlessly delivers genes intracellularly [48] to the skin epidermis. Work has shown that biolistic shooting of genes into the skin stimulates antibody responses at both systemic and mucosal sites, whereas an intramuscular (IM) needle
stick of the same DNA stimulates only systemic responses GG has worked better in humans |
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titers
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a measurement of how much antibody an organism has produced that recognizes a particular epitope
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epitope
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antigenic determinant, is the part of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells.
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what eliciting a robust immune response
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that stimulating naive dendritic cells (DC) and providing for their maturation is critical for eliciting a robust immune response
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Today most of the more than ______sequenced organisms are pathogens
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2,500
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microarray
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know this fool
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shot-gun libraries
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random. made cloning steps harder
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describe protein production and purification
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notoriously unpredicatble
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