Erosion And Water Cycle

Front 1

Superposition

Back 1

sedimentary layers deposited in time sequence, oldest oin bottom, youngest on top.

Front 2

Original Horizontally

Back 2

Layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under gravity

Front 3

Cross-Cutting

Back 3

the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features.

Front 4

Angular unconformities

Back 4

older sediments tilted, shortened by erosion younger sediments on surface.

Front 5

Disconformity

Back 5

older sediments shortened by erosion, younger sediments on surface.

Front 6

Nonconformities

Back 6

separate igneous or metamorphic rocks from overlying sedimentary rocks.

Front 7

Unconformity

Back 7

Gaps in geologic record that may indicate episodes of crustal deformation, erosion, and varying sea levels

Front 8

Correlation

Back 8

Methods by which the age relationship between various strata of earth’s crust is established.

Front 9

Physical Correlation

Back 9

compare physical characteristics of strata

Front 10

Fossil Correlation

Back 10

compare types of fossils found in strata

Front 11

Units of Geologic Time

Back 11

Eon, era, period, epoch

Front 12

Eon

Back 12

Largest interval units of geologic time.
Phanerozoic

Front 13

Era

Back 13

next largest interval units of geologic time.
Cenzoic

Front 14

Period

Back 14

next largest, parts of eras.
Quaternary

Front 15

Epoch

Back 15

Next largest, part of periods.
Holocene

Front 16

Isotope

Back 16

two or more forms of same element that contain equal protons but different neutrons

Front 17

Parent isotope

Back 17

is starting point that decays into daughter isotope

Front 18

radiometric dating

Back 18

Technique used to date rocks based on comparison between observed abundance and isotope decay rates

Front 19

hydrology

Back 19

Study of movement, distribution, and quality of water on earth.

Front 20

hydrologic cycle

Back 20

a. Evaporation
b. Transportation
c. Percipitation
d. Enfiltration
e. Storage

Front 21

reservoir

Back 21

a. A large source of water
b. Largest is ocean

Front 22

Braided stream

Back 22

stream with lots of bar deposits

Front 23

Meandering stream

Back 23

stream with single flow

Front 24

Laminar flow

Back 24

is streamlined and proportional to pressure difference

Front 25

Turbulent flow

Back 25

is flow without stable streamlines nad is not proportional

Front 26

Bedload

Back 26

sediment load transported along bed by sliding/rolling.
i. Stays in bed
ii. Moves slowest

Front 27

Suspended load

Back 27

particulate carried in the flow

Front 28

Dissolved load

Back 28

material that is chemically carried in the water

Front 29

stream capacity

Back 29

total amount of sediment a stream can transport

Front 30

stream competency

Back 30

maximum size of sediment particles a stream can move

Front 31

stream base level

Back 31

the lowest point at which a stream can flow.
b. Large rivers, sea level is usually base level.

Front 32

headward erosion

Back 32

Erosion at the origin of stream channel that causes stream lengthening by pushing the origin back from the direction of the stream flow.

Front 33

delta

Back 33

Formed at mouth of river where river dumps into other water reservoir

Front 34

Point Bar

Back 34

Sediment deposit that accumulates on inside bend

Front 35

Cut Bank

Back 35

erosional feature on outside of stream bend from collision with water

Front 36

oxbow lake

Back 36

U shaped body of water formed when a wide meander from a stream is cut off to form a lake.