Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What causes Infective Endocarditis?
|
Cardiac Defect
Erosion due to turbulent blood flow |
|
|
What causes Pericarditus?
|
Drug Reaction
Lupus Rhuematoid Arthritis MI Trauma |
|
|
What is Lupus?
|
Connective Tissue Disorder
|
|
|
What causes Myocarditis?
|
Viral Infection
Bacteria Parasites Fungi Medications-lead to toxicity |
|
|
What are the risk factors for Myocarditis?
|
HIV
Rheumatic Fever Lupus |
|
|
What should be given to a patient with Myocarditis do before any invasive procedure?
|
Antibiotics
|
|
|
What are the signs and Sx of Infective Endocarditis?
|
Fever
Fatigue Night Sweats Murmur Weight Loss Weakness Pain in Joints Nailbed Hemorrage Petechiae |
|
|
what are the signs and Sx of Pericarditis?
|
Friction Rub
Chest Pain Dyspnea Low grade fever Cough |
|
|
what are the signs and Sx of Myocarditis?
|
Often dont have any
Fatigue Fever Pharyngitis Dyspnea malaise Palpation Swollen Lymph Nodes |
|
|
what Diagnostic tests should be done with Infective Endocarditis?
|
CBC w/Diff
Blood Cultures TEE-looks for vegitation on valves |
|
|
what Diagnostic tests should be done with Pericarditus?
|
CBC
MRI CT Echo-looks for fluid back up ECG - looks for ST elevation |
|
|
what Diagnostic tests should be done with Myocarditis?
|
MRI
Tissue Biopsy ECG |
|
|
What are the 2 preventative measures to take with Myocarditis?
|
Oral Care
Antibiotics |
|
|
what is the Endocardium?
|
The inner most layer
-covers the chambers and ventricles |
|
|
what is the pericardium?
|
Fluid filled sac
|
|
|
What is the myocardium?
|
Muscle of the heart
|
|
|
How is cardiac output figured?
|
stroke volume x hr =
|
|
|
What is normal cardiac output?
|
4-8L
|
|
|
what is contractility?
|
the ability of the myocardium to contract normally
|
|
|
what affects contractility?
|
pre-load: the greater the pre-load the more forcefull the contraction
|
|
|
what is pre-load?
|
Stretching of mucsle fibers in ventricles as they fill with blood
|
|
|
what is after-load?
|
Pressure that the ventricular muscle must generate to overcome the higher pressure in the aorta to get the blood to the body.
|
|
|
what allergies are we concerned with regarding any dye tests?
|
Iodine
Shellfish |
|
|
what labs are we concerned with regarding any dye tests?
|
BUN/Creatnine
|
|
|
what labs are we concerned with reagarding an MI?
|
Troponin
CKMP CPK |
|
|
when is a client considered Tachycardic?
|
100
|
|
|
What is the dosage for NITRO regarding an MI?
|
1 pill every 5 minutes for 3 doses
|
|
|
Why is morphine given during an MI?
|
Pain
|
|
|
what are the side effects of Morphine?
|
Nausea
Headache Hypotension Dizziness |
|
|
What are the side effects of NITRO?
|
dizziness
headache hypotension |
|
|
How is NITRO given?
|
Sublingual
|
|
|
What drug classification DIG?
|
Positive Inotrope
|
|
|
what does DIG do?
|
Improves contractility
|
|
|
what should be done before DIG is given?
|
Apical pulse for 1 full minute
|
|
|
Why do we worry about Potassium being low with dig?
|
Toxicity - compete for binding sites
|
|
|
What are the signs and Sx of Dig Tox?
|
Nausea
Vomitting Anorexia Vangogh |
|
|
What do diuretics do?
|
decrease excess fluid
|
|
|
Why do we worry about potassium with Diuretics?
|
Wastes potassium
|
|
|
what is the common potassium sparing diuretic?
|
Spironalactone
|
|
|
What do Beta Blockers do for HF?
|
decrease HR
decrease BP |
|
|
What is the action of a Beta Blocker?
|
decrease afterload
vasodilate increase myocardium o2 consumption |
|
|
Why are stool softner given to a client with HF?
|
dont want them bearing down
|
|
|
What is the common stool softner?
|
colase or dulcosate sodium
|
|
|
What are the S & Sx of Right sided heart failure?
|
JVD
CYANOSIS EDEMA ASCITES HEPTOMEGALY (ENLARGED LIVER) FLUID OVERLOAD fatigue anorexia gi distress increased peripheral venous pressure weight gain |
|
|
what are the S & Sx of Left sided heart failure?
|
COUGH
CRACKLES ORTHOPNEA DYSPNEA cyanosis could hear S3 fatigue |
|
|
What labs are important with an MI?
|
Troponin
CKMP |
|
|
What are some side effects of low potassium?
|
muscle cramps
palpatations |
|
|
What is the normal level for potassium?
|
3.5-5
|
|
|
what is the therapeutic level for Dig?
|
.5-2
|
|
|
What is the primary action of a calcium channel blocker?
|
prevent spasms in coronary vessels
|
