Ergo/heat Stress

Front 1

Ergonomics

Back 1

study of characteristics for the appropriate design of the living and work environment

Front 2

Anthroometery.

Design workplace for ?

Back 2

90% of the population.

5th percentile - 95th percentile.

Front 3

Musculoskeletal disorders are of the ?

Back 3

disorders of muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, or spinal discs.

Front 4

Risk factors for MSDs? (5)

Back 4

repetition/duration
joint deviation
force
cold
vibration

Front 5

Non-occupational factors for developing a MSDs?

Back 5

rheumatoid arthritis
endocrinological disorders
acute trauma
obesity
pregnancy
recreational activies
diabetes

Front 6

higher risk body parts for MSDs?

Back 6

soft tissues:
muscles, tendons, ligaments.
bursa (small, flat, synovial filled sac prevents rubbing of muscle or tendon against bone).

nerves
blood vessels
lower back

Front 7

connects muscle to bone

Back 7

tendon

Front 8

connects bone to bone

Back 8

liagment

Front 9

hand deviations

radial

Back 9

thumb reach to arm

Front 10

flexion

Back 10

Front 11

Carpal tunnel syndome (CTS) is often caused by?

swelling of tendones pinches what nerve?

Back 11

light, repetitive motion of wrists and fingers.

carpal tunnel on the palmar side of wrist contains nerves, blood vessels, tendons.

Swelling on tendons pinches the median nerve.

AKA: writer's cramp, neuritis, median neruritis.

Front 12

DeQuervain's Syndrome

special case of?

Back 12

tendosynovitis

caused by gripping and hand twisting e.g. wringing clothes.

Front 13

Phalen's Test

Back 13

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 14

Finklestein's Test

Back 14

DeQuervain's Syndrome.

Front 15

Extension

Back 15

back of hand to arm

Front 16

ulnar

Back 16

Ulnar - pinky reach arm

Front 17

Epicondylitis. AKA?

mechanims of injury?

caused by?

Back 17

tennis elbow

strained tendons on outside of elbow
caused by impacting or jerky throwing motions, repeated forceful wrist extensions.

Front 18

Medial epicondylitis . AKA?

Back 18

golfer's elbow.

strained tendons on inside of elbow

Front 19

Tendinitis

Back 19

Inflammation of tendons

Associated with repeated tension, motion, bending, contact with hard surface vibration.

Front 20

Tendosynovitis

Back 20

swelling of the synovial sheath.

tendon becomes irritated, rough, bumpy causing path.

Front 21

Trigger finger

special case of?

characterized by?

Back 21

special case of tendosynovitis.

finger movement not smooth (snaps or jerks).

Front 22

white finger

caused by?

arteries closed due to ?

Back 22

insufficent blood supply causes blanching.

arteries closed due to vasopasms triggered by vibrations.

Front 23

Hand-arm segmental vibration.

TLV based on ?

Range?

Back 23

TLV based on epi data for white finger.

Based on acceleration of tool.

Range from 4m/s2 to 12m/s2

Front 24

Whole body vibration.

TLV based on?

Back 24

TLV for minimal risk to lower back pain, adverse health effects and ability to drive vehicle.

Ranges from 0.1m/s2 to 80.0m/s2.

seperate table for longitudinal and horizontal vibrations

Front 25

Risk factors for low-back injuries.

Back 25

posture: avoid extremes when lifting.
frequency
static work
handles, coupling.
asymmetrical handling
space confinement.

Front 26

Ergo Program includes?

Back 26

All personnel represented.
Training
Identify existing or potential problems
Evaluate risk factors
Design and implement corrective action.
Monitor effectiveness of corrections.

Front 27

Material Handling Guidelines

Horizontal movements (push/pull) are _ stressful than vertical movements (lift, lower)?

Back 27

Horizontal movements (push/pull) are LESS stressful than vertical movements (lift, lower)?

Front 28

Material Handling Guidelines

Lifting and lowering
best range?

Back 28

kuckle height to shoulder height.

Front 29

what is convection?

Back 29

transfer of heat directly to fluids (usually the air) contacting the body.

C=0.65V^0.6(Ta-95)

C=convection transfer (BTU/hr)
V=air speed (ft/min)
Ta=air temperature

Front 30

Radiation is the transfer of heat through?

Back 30

transfer of heat through infrared radiation. An approximation of the radiant heat transfer is given by:

R=15(Tw-95)

R=radiant transfer (BTU/hr)
Tw=mean radiant temp of surrounding objects (F degrees)

Front 31

Evaporation is the transfer of heat?

Back 31

to the evironment through evaporative cooling. Maximum evaporative heat loss is approximated by:

Emax=2.4 V^0.6 (42-PWa)
Emax=max evaporative heat loss (BTU/hr)
V=air speed (ft/min)
PWa=vapor pressureof water at air temp (mmHg)

Front 32

Heat Stress Index

Back 32

HSI = (Ereq / Emax ) *100

HSI=heat stress index
Ereq=required evaporation to maintain body temp
Emax=maximum rate of evaporative cooling

Front 33

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

Estimates of ?

Back 33

environmental contribution to heat stress.

WBGT = 0.7WB+0.3GT (no solar load)

WBGT=0.7WB+0.2GT+0.1DB (solar load)

WB= wet bulb temp
GT=globe temp
DB=dry bulb temp

Front 34

Heat stroke

definition?

Back 34

body fails to regulate body temp.

Front 35

Heat stroke sx

Back 35

skin is hot and dry
confused behavior
LOC
convulsions
medical emergency

Front 36

heat hyperpyrexia

Back 36

less severe form of heat stoke
some sweating still occurs
other sx are also less severe

Front 37

heat syncope
sx
tx

Back 37

non-acclimatized persons standing in the heat faint.
blood flow reduced to the brain.
Tx: remove victim to cooler location and lie down.

Front 38

heat exhaustion
sx
tx

Back 38

excess loss of water through sweating.
fatigue
nausea
cold, clammy skin
Tx: get to cooler location, replace body fluids

Front 39

heat cramps
sx
tx

Back 39

painful muscle cramps during or following work in hot environments.
body salts lost through sweating.
Tx: replace fluids with containing appropriate salts.

Front 40

heat illness prevention

Back 40

drink plenty of fluids
frequent breaks
PPE (cooling vests)
Engineerig controls : air conditioner, mists in air, fans)

Front 41

excessive strain is probable when ?

sustained heat rate = ?

Back 41

sustained heart rate = 180bpm - age

Front 42

excessive strain is probable when ?

recovery heart rate = ?

Back 42

recovery heart rate (after 1 minute) > 120bpm

Front 43

excessive strain is probable when ?

core body temp = ?

Back 43

core body temp >101.3F (38.5C)

Front 44

Trenchfoot

triggered by?

mechanism of injury?

appearance?

Back 44

several days of exposure to cold (not freezing) temp and moist skin.

vasoconstriction in feet/legs.

pale appearance and numbness

Front 45

Chillblains

Sx
caused by?

Back 45

itching, painful reddening of skin.

caused by congestion of capillaries when tissues are exposed to cold.

Front 46

Cold Urticaria
cold can cause?
sx?
may cause?

Back 46

(Hives)
cold can cause histamine releases in the body tissue.
sx: itchy red blotches
may cause vomitting, rapid heart rate, swlling of breathing passages.

Front 47

Frostbite
mechansim of injury?
appearance?
damage denpendent on ?

Back 47

freezing of body tissue.
white or grayish yellow skin
damage dependent on depth of freezing.

Front 48

Hypothermia

Back 48

lowering of core body temp. 26C-30C.
unconsciousness
cardiac arrythmia
muscular rigidity

Front 49

Cold stress management

maintain core body temp at ?

tissue freezing occurs at ?

Back 49

>36C (98.6F)

<-1C

Front 50

machine controls when temp <_ should be designed for operation with gloved hands.

Back 50

<-17.5C

Front 51

additional consideration for working with temp extremes (5)

Back 51

working with evaporative liquids
wet clothing
sweating
dehydration
feelings of euphoria