Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
266 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ellis class I
|
Tooth fx of enamel only are ___ fx's.
|
|
|
Ellis class II
|
Tooth fx w/hot & cold sensit. &w/dentin involv. = ___ fx's.
|
|
|
cover
|
Tmt for Ellis class II fx = ___ dentin & refer
|
|
|
Ellis class III
|
Tooth fx w/pulp bleeding = ___ fx.
|
|
|
avulsed
|
Saline, milk or saliva should be used for an ___ tooth.
|
|
|
root
|
Avoid touching ___ fibers of tooth & reimplant < 3 hrs
|
|
|
reimplantation
|
Difference in Tx for avulsed primary vs. perm teeth = ___.
|
|
|
dental
|
Look for lip, tongue, and lacerations in ___ trauma.
|
|
|
Ludwig angina
|
Tooth abcess can progress to___.
|
|
|
abcess
|
Infected tooth can lead to an ___.
|
|
|
abscessed
|
Dental pain + soft tissue infection = ___ tooth.
|
|
|
Ear
|
|
|
|
sensorineural
|
Inner ear deafness
|
|
|
conductive
|
Deafness fron middle ear--> oval window = ___ hearing loss.
|
|
|
OM
|
Mastoiditis, meningitis,& sinus thombosis are comp of ___.
|
|
|
otosclerosis
|
Ossification of acoustic ossicles = ___.
|
|
|
acoustic neuroma
|
Cause of unilateral, neural hearing loss w/ vertigo
|
|
|
8
|
CN that innervates ear = CN ___.
|
|
|
cholclear a. (common)
|
Artery of cholea = ___.
|
|
|
ant vestibular artery
|
Artery of vestibular (balance) = ___.
|
|
|
acute hearing loss
|
___ hearing loss = stat otolaryngologist.
|
|
|
necrotizing OE
|
Bad kind of OE (otitis externa) = ___.
|
|
|
acute diffuse OE
|
Swimmers ear AKA = ___.
|
|
|
H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
|
OE tmt (2) = ___
|
|
|
antibiotics (topical)
|
& ___.
|
|
|
meningitis
|
Two complications of necrotizing OE are ___
|
|
|
sinus clot (thrombosis)
|
& ___.
|
|
|
Malignant OE
|
Other name for necrotizing OE
|
|
|
acute diffuse OE
|
Sx = clear or pustulant d/c; crusty
|
|
|
malignant OE
|
OE w/ cranial nerve involvement; granulation
|
|
|
Malignant OE
|
OE treated with oral /IV antibiotics = ___.
|
|
|
OM
|
Immobility of TM is sx of ___ ?
|
|
|
OM
|
TM perforation in common complication of ___.
|
|
|
mastoiditis
|
Rare bony complication of OM = ___.
|
|
|
amoxicillin
|
1st line antibiotic for OM in children.
|
|
|
analgesia
|
Tx for afebrile OM is ___ only.
|
|
|
cauliflower ear
|
Auricular hematoma can lead to ___.
|
|
|
aspirate
|
tx to avoid auricular hematoma (2) ___ clot
|
|
|
pressure dressing
|
& apply ___.
|
|
|
auricular hematoma
|
Shearing trauma; sep. cartilage from perichondrium --> ___.
|
|
|
avulsed
|
Stat ear/plastic surgery consult when ear is ___.
|
|
|
iatrogenic
|
Injury caused by medical provider = ___.
|
|
|
Tm perforation
|
Common medical-provider caused ear injury = ___.
|
|
|
insect
|
Drown w/ lidocaine; aspirate from ear = tmt for ___.
|
|
|
foreign body
|
Use Right angle hook or cerumen loop to grab ___.
|
|
|
cerumen
|
Soften, then irrigate ___ from ear canal .
|
|
|
perforation
|
OM & barotrauma can lead to TM ___.
|
|
|
perforation
|
Temporary hearing loss is associate w/ TM ___.
|
|
|
keep out H2O/none
|
Tx for TM perforation = ___.
|
|
|
ossicular draining
|
Potential complication of TM perforation (rare) = ___.
|
|
|
Eye
|
|
|
|
ALARM
|
Vertigo, numb face, sleep, & eye pain are diplopia ___ Sx.
|
|
|
keritinits
|
Inflam. of cornea = ___; leads to photophobia
|
|
|
glaucoma
|
Pressure on physiological cup = Sx of ___--> visual field distortion
|
|
|
diabetes, HTN
|
Leading causes of vascular disease in retina? (2)
|
|
|
diabetic neuropathy
|
Neovascular changes & exudates in retina are Sx of ___.
|
|
|
macular degeneration
|
Most common cause of blindness in elderly = ___.
|
|
|
retinoblastoma
|
Childhood eye tumor, often bilateral = ___.
|
|
|
flashing lights
|
ALARM Sx associated w/retinal detachment = ___.
|
|
|
ALARM
|
Partial curtain in usual field is an ___ Sx.
|
|
|
sudden
|
___ onset of eye Sx is concerning
|
|
|
accomodation
|
Keeping objects in focus by lens adjustment = ___.
|
|
|
amblyopia
|
lazy eye
|
|
|
miosis
|
pupil constriction
|
|
|
mydriasis
|
pupil dilation
|
|
|
photophobia
|
light sensitivity
|
|
|
presbyopia
|
Effect of aging on visual acuity = ___.
|
|
|
scotoma
|
Distorted visual image on one area of field = ___.
|
|
|
xeropthalmia
|
Dry eye; no tears = ___.
|
|
|
hyperopia
|
Abnormal eye shape--> farsighted = ___.
|
|
|
hemianopsia
|
Loss of partial vision, same side, both eyes = ___.
|
|
|
esotropia
|
One eye turned inward = ___.
|
|
|
amaurosis fugax
|
Fleeting darkening; transient monocular blindness = ___.
|
|
|
periorbital cellulitis
|
Infection of orbital soft tissue behind orbital septum = ___.
|
|
|
periorbital
|
Post septal cellulitis aka = ___.
|
|
|
blindness
|
complication of periorbital cellulitis (2) = ___
|
|
|
death
|
& ___.
|
|
|
preseptal
|
Cellulitis w/o painful eye movement is Sx of ___.
|
|
|
postseptal
|
Cellulitis with eye pain on movement = ___.
|
|
|
CT
|
Radiology procedure to differ pre/post septal cellulitis = ___.
|
|
|
periorbital
|
Visual acuity affected (low) in ___ cellulitis
|
|
|
outpatient
|
Rreseptal cellulitis is tx on a ___basis
|
|
|
pediatric
|
Preseptal cellulitis occurs most often in ___ pts.
|
|
|
hordeolum
|
staph infection of eyelash follicle
|
|
|
abx
|
tx for hordeolum w/ cellulitis
|
|
|
chalazion
|
painless lump--> inflammation of eyelid
|
|
|
drain
|
tx for chalazion
|
|
|
conjunctivitis
|
pink eye; inflection of conjunctiva; usually viral
|
|
|
keratoconjunctivitis
|
inflammation of cornea w/ punctate lacerations
|
|
|
very small (<1mm)
|
except for ? Lid lacerations; refer to ophthalmologist
|
|
|
margin
|
only near lid ? Can ED tx laceration
|
|
|
corneal abrasion
|
condition w. foreign body , photophobia, tearing= hx
|
|
|
corneal ulceration
|
infection of multiple corneal layers
|
|
|
blindness
|
long term consequences of corneal ulceration
|
|
|
abrasion
|
no abx; no topical anesthetics in corneal
|
|
|
contact lens
|
|
|
|
vertical abrasion
|
|
|
|
clear
|
viral conjunctivitis= secretions
|
|
|
pustulant
|
bacterial conjunctivitis= secretions
|
|
|
foreign body (FB)
|
corneal ? Arc usually superficial & benign
|
|
|
blindness
|
penetration of globe by FB can lead to ?
|
|
|
rust-ring
|
special circumstances of metal FB ?
|
|
|
referred
|
FB (full thickness) should be ?
|
|
|
emergency
|
chemical burns are eye ?
|
|
|
irrigation
|
tx of chemical eye burns beings with?
|
|
|
alkali
|
? Burns are most common chemical burns
|
|
|
alkali
|
? Are the most serious chemical burns of eye
|
|
|
iritis
|
inflammation of anterior segment of uveal tract
|
|
|
iritis
|
pain, photophobia, irritation of ciliary muscles
|
|
|
post synechiae
|
complication of iritis includes ?
|
|
|
synechiae
|
adhesion of iris to lens or cornea includes ?
|
|
|
endophthalmitis
|
inflammation of aquas or vitreous humor
|
|
|
endophthalmitis
|
sx= headache eye pain, photophobia, low vision , d/c
|
|
|
endophthalmitis
|
tx= intravitreal abx
|
|
|
vitreous hemorrhage
|
diabetic retinopathy & shaken babies can lead to ?
|
|
|
vitreous hemorrhage
|
hx of sudden blindness, black spots, cobwebs
|
|
|
vitreous hemorrhage
|
retina may be blocked from view by ?
|
|
|
subconjunctival hemorrhage
|
eye bleeding related to Valsalva maneuver
|
|
|
none/reassurance
|
tx for subconjunctival hemorrhage
|
|
|
hyphema
|
blood in anterior chamber of eye
|
|
|
elevate
|
? Head & dilate pupil for hyperemic tmt
|
|
|
entrapment
|
blowout fx can cause eye
|
|
|
sinus
|
blowout fx can collapse a ? Cavity
|
|
|
abx
|
tx for orbital blowout= ? & referral
|
|
|
ruptured
|
? Globe is a medical emergency
|
|
|
hemorrhage
|
subconjunctival ? Points to ruptured globe
|
|
|
protect
|
elevate head, ? Eye & refer
|
|
|
retrobulbar
|
steady loss of vision, bilging eye, = hematoma
|
|
|
canthotomy
|
tx for high (>40mmhg)=
|
|
|
narrow-angle
|
fixed dilated pupil, halos around lights=?
|
|
|
glaucoma (NAG)
|
|
|
|
high
|
pressure is ? In narrow angle glaucoma
|
|
|
N&V
|
other dsx of NAG= eye pain, ?
|
|
|
lower
|
many drugs can ? Eye pressure in NAG
|
|
|
dilation
|
NAG sx can be brought on my pupil
|
|
|
iridectomy
|
surgical tx for NAG
|
|
|
optic neuritis
|
inflammation of optic nerve =
|
|
|
optic neuritis
|
eye movement pain low vision, field cuts = ?
|
|
|
defect
|
optic disc swelling & pupil ? In optic neuritis
|
|
|
retinal art occlusion
|
two conditions w/slow, painless blindness (monocular)
|
|
|
retinal vein occlusion
|
|
|
|
retinal art occlusion
|
cherry red spot, pale duncude, narrowed art =
|
|
|
massage
|
tx for retinal art occlusion= ocular
|
|
|
abx (topical )
|
|
|
|
retinal vein occlusion
|
normal fundus in retinal ? Occlusion
|
|
|
vein
|
temperoartritis
|
|
|
Head
|
|
|
|
staph
|
2 organisms+ cellulitis
|
|
|
strep
|
|
|
|
cellulitis
|
skin inflammation with undefined borders, fever=
|
|
|
penicillins
|
tx for cellulitis
|
|
|
sepsis
|
cellutic complication
|
|
|
erysipelas
|
cellulitis w/dermal & lymphatic involvement
|
|
|
strep pyo
|
main organism in erysipulus
|
|
|
erysipelas
|
sx- sharp, shiny, palpable borders
|
|
|
erysipelas
|
same tx as cellulitis
|
|
|
impetigo
|
skin infection= crust or blisters (w pus)
|
|
|
staph
|
2 organisms in impetigo
|
|
|
strep
|
|
|
|
strep pyogen
|
group A- B hemolytic
|
|
|
penicillin resist
|
impetigo tx
|
|
|
Nose
|
|
|
|
acute sinusitis
|
inflammation of nasal mucosa + fever
|
|
|
anterior
|
most common region of epistaxis in kids
|
|
|
posterior
|
most common region of epistaxis in old people
|
|
|
posterior
|
region of epistaxis= most severe
|
|
|
digital trauma
|
causes of ant epistaxis (2)
|
|
|
uri
|
|
|
|
posterior
|
2x flow during epistaxis= region
|
|
|
hemostasis
|
admit pt with posterior epistaxis to achieve
|
|
|
ant epistaxis
|
direct pressure, thrombogenic agents& cauterization
|
|
|
pinch
|
to achieve direct pressure in ant epistaxis of nose
|
|
|
AgNO3 (silver nitrate)
|
chemical used to cauterize nose x 10 min
|
|
|
pack (ballon)
|
if above pressure fail in ant epistaxis= nose
|
|
|
vasoconstrictor
|
pt education epistaxis= afrin
|
|
|
abx (staph)
|
if nasal packin used provide
|
|
|
x-ray
|
not clinically significant in nose fx
|
|
|
black eye
|
pst hx for nasal fx
|
|
|
black eye
|
periorbital ecchymosis
|
|
|
nasal bone
|
pos PE for nasal fx -- mobility
|
|
|
reduction
|
alleviating nasal obstruction tx
|
|
|
reduction
|
reducing deformity tx
|
|
|
nose
|
orbit fx, ethmoid fx, nasal septal hematoma are comorbidity w/ -- fx
|
|
|
saddle nose
|
septal hematoma main complication
|
|
|
septal hematoma
|
osteomyelitis cavernous sinus thrombosis complication of
|
|
|
facial trauma
|
during look for septal hematoma
|
|
|
ent referral
|
septal hematoma require
|
|
|
Throat/Mouth
|
|
|
|
throat alarm sx
|
trismus, drooling, stiffneck, muffled voice
|
|
|
group A strep
|
organism that causes bacterial pharyngitis
|
|
|
rheumatic fever
|
soar throat
|
|
|
group A strep
|
B hemolytic strep
|
|
|
Rheumatic fever
|
two complications of group A strep (2)
|
|
|
glomerular nephritis
|
|
|
|
epiglottitis
|
medical emergency w/sore throat sx
|
|
|
int carotid artery
|
art that supplies middle ear
|
|
|
bullos myringitis
|
painful sore throat w/blisters on oropharynx
|
|
|
viral bacterial
|
causes (general) of bullus myringitis (2)
|
|
|
analgesia
|
tx for bullus myringitis (2)
|
|
|
abx optimal
|
|
|
|
parotitis
|
inflammation of parotid gland (swollen)
|
|
|
mumps
|
viral parotitis (aka)
|
|
|
paramyosin?
|
virus usually responsible for parotitis
|
|
|
viral parotitis
|
sx= salivary gland swelling w/o red or warmth
|
|
|
suppurative paro tit?
|
sx= salivary gland swelling red, tender/ warmth
|
|
|
suppurative parotitis
|
sx= pus expressed from stensens duct
|
|
|
support only
|
tx for viral parotitis
|
|
|
abx: increase saliva
|
tx for supportive paritits
|
|
|
suppurative
|
staph & strep cause which paritits
|
|
|
suppurative
|
pre-existing medial and high risk for parotitis
|
|
|
suppurative
|
which parotitis= rapid onset?
|
|
|
sialolithiasis
|
salivary stone made from CA x
|
|
|
submandibular
|
most common gland for sialolithiasis due to high viscosity
|
|
|
sialolithiasis
|
palpate mass in salivary gland
|
|
|
milk
|
tx= stone from gland; abx analgesics
|
|
|
atrophy
|
complication of sialitis= of gland
|
|
|
saliva
|
mlemon drops stimulate
|
|
|
masticator
|
space in jaw where infections start
|
|
|
swelling
|
masticular space infection= facial
|
|
|
mediastinum infection
|
complication of mastication space infection
|
|
|
Ct
|
diagnostic instrument for masticator space infection
|
|
|
4
|
# of directions mandible can be dislocated
|
|
|
anterior
|
most common mandible dislocation direction
|
|
|
anterior
|
prominent lower jaw= dislocation
|
|
|
posterior
|
dislocation requires ear exam
|
|
|
trauma
|
most common cause of jaw dislocation
|
|
|
reduction
|
tx for dislocation= should be
|
|
|
deferred
|
dislocation of jaw w/ fracture or nerve damage
|
|
|
mediastinum
|
throat/neck infections can spread to
|
|
|
group A strep
|
most common organism causing tonsil abcess
|
|
|
b Hemolytic
|
group A strep is on auger
|
|
|
peritonsillar
|
sx= pus around tonsil suggest abcess
|
|
|
drain
|
tx for tonsil abcess
|
|
|
ent consult
|
tx for retropharyngeal abcess
|
|
|
iv abx
|
stabilize retropharyngeal ancess pts w/
|
|
|
contrast ct
|
order a to different tonsils vs retrophary
|
|
|
peritonsillar abcess
|
obstructed airway, aspiration & bleeding= complications of
|
|
|
retropharyngeal
|
infections--> mediastinum; asphyxiation= compl of
|
|
|
epiglottis
|
life threatiig asphyxiation is seen in
|
|
|
staph & strep
|
most common cause of epiglottis (2)
|
|
|
epiglottis
|
3-d's: drooling, dysphagia & disthesis= sx of
|
|
|
supine
|
difficulty breathing & swallowing in worse in position of epiglottis
|
|
|
epiglottitis
|
strider, leaning forward, mouth oprn are symptoms of
|
|
|
radiograph (soft tissue)
|
enlarged thumb shaped epiglottis seen on
|
|
|
soft tissue radio graph
|
swelling & edema of tissue around epiglottis druing epiglottis dx by
|
|
|
deep neck abcess
|
|
|
|
Ludwig's angina
|
infection of sublingual, submet? Or submandibular spaces
|
|
|
Ludwig's angina
|
dysphagia, trismus, odynophagia, sx of 2 tooth related d/o
|
|
|
deep neck abcess
|
tooth abcess, ludwig, deep neck abcess, which is worse
|
|
|
deep neck abcess
|
tooth abcess leads to dyspnea, dx?
|
|
|
contrast ct
|
best method to detec deep neck abcess
|
|
|
necrotizing
|
which is worse? Necrotizing or abcess injection
|
|
|
necrotizing infection
|
air pocketsm feverm, tachycardia point to
|
|
|
necrotizing infection
|
surgical debridement: necrotize or abcess
|
|
|
sub Q emphysema
|
PE finding for necrotizing infection
|
|
|
tonsillectomy
|
bleeding *& airway destruct are comp of what HENT surg?
|
|
|
7 (5-10)
|
# of days post tonsillectomy bleed occurs
|
|
|
intubate
|
if post tonsil hemorrhage--> air obstruction
|
|
|
direct pressure
|
tx for post tonsillectomy bleed
|
|
|
clothesline injection
|
hoarseness strider dyspnea dysphagia- sx of
|
|
|
laryngeal trauma
|
medical term for clothes line inj
|
|
|
laryngeal trauma
|
hematoma (neck), bruits, bleeding= pe finding of
|
|
|
laryngeal trauma
|
ct & nasopharyngeal are indicating in
|
|
|
tracheostomy
|
tx for clothes lin inj w/asphyxiation
|
|
|
clothesline inj
|
separation of larynx & trachea are complication of
|
|
|
thyroid cartilage
|
common area of inj during clothes line inj
|
