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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the word derived from the Greek word for "insensibility"?
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Anesthesia
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What is the term related to the loss of sensation to any part of or the entire body?
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Anesthesia
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Local anesthesia is when the patient is?
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Awake or sedated
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General anesthesia is when the patient is?
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Unconscious
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What is one of the main positive points of injectable anesthesia?
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It is easily administered.
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What type of anesthesia requires specialized equipment?
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Inhalation
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What is the tool that provides precise, adjustable mixture of anesthetic gas and oxygen to the patient?
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Anesthesia Machine
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What causes acid-base disturbances when it accumulates in the lungs?
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Carbon Dioxide
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What is the color code for compressed oxygen?
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O2 is green!
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What is the color code for compressed nitrous oxide?
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NO2 is blue!
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What is the O2 filling pressure for a compressed gas canister?
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2200 psi
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What size is a type E cylinder?
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Small
4 x 30 inches 650 liters |
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What size is a type G cylinder?
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Medium
8 x 55 inches 5300 liters |
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What size is a type H cylinder?
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Large
9 x 55 inches 6900 liters |
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What keeps different gas canisters from being coupled in the wrong device location?
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The Pin Index Safety System
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What is designed to avoid inadvertent attachment of a gas cylinder to the wrong tubing?
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Pin Index Safety System
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What is designed to avoid inadvertent attachment of a gas to the wrong regulators or valves?
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Diameter Index Safety System
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The connectors of different gases are of different sizes and this prevents confusion. The term to describe this system is?
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Diameter Index Safety System
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What psi do pressure regulators reduce and normalize gas pressure to?
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50 psi
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What controls the anestesia machines rate of gas delivery?
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The Flowmeter
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Where should the flowmeter ball be read at?
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The widest part of the ball.
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When turning of the flowmeter what should I avoid?
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Over-tightening the valve and causing small cracks!
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What do I use to deliver O2 to the system at 35-75 L/min?
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The oxygen flush valve
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What should I use to remove anesthetic gases from the system?
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The oxygen flush valve
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What would cause the rebreathing bag to be filled for assisted ventilation?
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The oxygen flush valve
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Halothane, Isoflurane, and Sevoflurange are?
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Anesthetics gases!
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What volatizes liquid inhalation anesthetics for precise delivery to a patient?
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The Anesthetic Vaporizer!
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VOC
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Vaporizer Out of Circle
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VIC
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Vaporizer In Circle
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What absorbs CO2 in the rebreathing circuit?
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Carbon Dioxide Absorber
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What removes waste anesthetic gases from air prior to entering the open enviornment?
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Scavenging System
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What provides a reservoir of exhaled gas?
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The Rebreathing Bag
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What size rebreathing bag for a <15 lb animal?
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1 Liter Bag
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What size rebreathing bag for a 14-40 lb animal?
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2 Liter Bag
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What size rebreathing bag for a 40-120 lb animal?
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3 Liter Bag
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What size rebreathing bag for a >120 lb animal?
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5 Liter Bag
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What is designed to prevent breathing circuit pressure from becoming so high that animal cannot ventilate?
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Pop-off valve
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If assisted ventilation is required what should I do with the pop-off valve?
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Close completely
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What delivers anesthetic gas from the breathing circuit to patient's lungs?
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Endotracheal Tubes
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What is a danger of the red rubber endotracheal tubes?
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They can absorb disinfectants and cause patient irritation. They also can have a loss of tube integrity by collapsing.
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What are the three types of Endotracheal Tubes?
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Magill, Murphy Eye and Cole
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What two types of Endotracheal Tubes are the same except for the end of the tube where is decreases into a funnel like shape?
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Murphy Eye and Cole
Cole has decreasing tube. |
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What size endotracheal tube would I use for dogs?
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5-18 mm internal diameter
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What size endotracheal tube would I use for cats?
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3-4.5 mm internal diamter
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What is the balloon part of the endotracheal tube called?
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Cuff
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What can happen if I over inflate a cuff of an endotracheal tube?
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Tracheal Necrosis
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What is the proper selection and placement of an endotracheal tube?
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No more than 2 cm beyond nose.
Patient end at thoracic inlet! To far and only one lung! |
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What is an open (non-rebreathing) system?
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Induction Chamber
Mapleson |
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What are the two mapleson systems I should know?
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A and Modified D!
A is the Magill Modified D is the Bain |
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The Magill system, type A has the overflow located where?
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Near the patient
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The Bain system, type modified D has the overflow near where?
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Near the gas flow, away from the patient on opposite end of tube.
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What are some advantages of Rebreathing Systems?
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Decrease anesthetic used!
Humidify and warm inhaled gases! Low flow requirements! |
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If the circle system is closed what happens?
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No escape of gas from circuit.
Pop-off closed. Difficult to control |
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If the circle system is semi-closed what happens?
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Excess gas leaves via pop-off.
Less pressure on lungs. Higher gas flow |
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When I occlude the fresh gas outlet in a pressure test of a circle system what should the pressure be?
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30cm H2O to find leaks.
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What are the short term hazards with waste anesthetic gas in enviornment?
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Nausea
Headache Drowsiness Fatigue |
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What are the long term concerns of anesthetic instake from the enviornment?
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Free radical and ion issues that can damage cell structures. Not understood well.
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What is the main problem with waste gas that is metabolized from the enviornment?
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It affects the body based on the toxicity.
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What's the safest gas in terms of metabolization rates?
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Isoflurane at 0.2%
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What's the most dangerous gas in terms of metabolization rates?
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Methoxyflurane at 50%!!!
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What are five major concerns for long term effects of anesthetic waste gas exposure?
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Reproductive
Oncogenic Hepatic Renal Neurological |
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What can anessthetic gas cause if a lady is pregnant?
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Spontaneous abortion! Cogenital abnormalities!
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What's one of the major dangerers of anesthetic gas in the enviornment related to smell?
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Odor is detectable at 33 ppm!
But dangerous at 2ppm alone. And dangerous at 0.5 ppm with NO2! |
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What's the average anesthetic ppm ranges in a veterinary hospital where surgery is done?
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1 to 20 ppm
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Passive scavenging system is?
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Inexpensive and easy but inefficient!
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A passive f/air canister cannot be used with which gas?
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NO2
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When should I replace a f/air canister?
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12 hours of anesthesia
Or 50 grams of weight gain! |
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An active evacuation scavenging system has what?
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Vacuum or fan operated!
May collapse resevoir bag! |
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What are some common areas of leakage?
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Valve cover
CO2 absorber Pop-off and Scavenger Unsecured hoses and ET tube Vaporizer cap left off! |
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You can test a high pressure system up to how many PSI?
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50 PSI
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You can test a low pressure system up to how many PSI
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15 PSI
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How often should a high pressure system be tested?
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Weekly
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How often should a low pressure system be tested?
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Everytime machine is assembled
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What are the three major physiological stresses on the patient under anestesia?
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Cardiac
Respiratory Thermoregulatory |
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What do we monitor every 3-5 minutes on a patient under anestesia?
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Respiration rate 8-20
Heart rate 60-120 & Quality of Pulse CRT Jaw Tone Eye Position Temperature Fluid Admin |
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What measures O2 bound to hemoglobin (SaO2)?
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Pulse Oximeter
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What monitors heart rate and rhythm from electrical activity?
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ECG
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What can allow direct monitoring of heart sounds?
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Esophageal stethoscope!
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What can measure CO2 in exhaled gases?
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Capnogram
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If capnogram measures CO2 too low?
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Excess Dead space
Over-oxygenation and ventilation! |
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If capnogram measures CO2 too high?
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Inadequate Venetilation and Oxygenation
Patient may be too deep! |
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What is often integrated with a capnogram?
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Respiration monitor!
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Which item monitors blood pressure via transmission of high frequency sound waves. Only measures systolic blood pressure!
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Doppler
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Which item monitors blood pressure via cuff? Measures systolic, diastolic, and mean pressure.
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Oscillometric!
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What is one of the major concerns during surgery and under anestesia?
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Hypothermia
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What's the main device to monitor temperature?
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Thermometer! Often in ECG & Pulse Oxy
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What's a device used to regulate warmth to the animal under anestesia?
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BAIR Hugger!
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What are some less effective ways to help regulate warmth around an animal?
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Towels/Blankets
Hot Water Bottles / Warmed IV bags Water heating pad Electric - Don't use!!! Dangerous |
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List the parts of the anesthesia machine!
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What is the preanesthetic fast from food for ruminants?
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24-48 hours
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What is the preanesthetic fast from food for horses?
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12-18 hours
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What is the preanesthetic fast from food for most animals?
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12 hours
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What is the preanesthetic fast from food for neonates?
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None
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How many minutes before is preanesthetic medication administered prior to induction?
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30-45 minutes
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What is the ideal injectable anesthetic?
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Rapids, smooth induction.
Good analgesia Reduces other drug use. No adverse affects. Rapid reversal possible Smooth consciousness return |
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What is acetylpromazine?
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A tranquilizer
Calms animal Long Duration Antiemetic |
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What is the most popular IV anesthetic?
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Barbituates
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Hypnotic Sedatives
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May be given orally
Reduce risk of seizure No analgesia Long duration |
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The most popular class of injectable drugs in the widest variety of species is?
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Dissociative Drugs
Ketamine! Almost always combined! |
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In recent years this drug has become the primary agent for humans!
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Opioids
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Though Opioids are popular in humans what do they do with animals?
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No predictable unconciousness.
Some pain relief and calmin in "Certain" animals! Excites cats and horses! Unpredictable response in general Reversible! |
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What is an profound chemical restraint drug that may not cause unconciousness?
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Neuroleptanalgesics!
- Alpha -2 adrenergic agonists! |
