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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the skin tumors of horses?
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Sarcoids
Melanoma Mast cell Tumor SCC Papillomatosis |
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What is the most common skin tumor?
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Sarcoids
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What is the main concern with sarcoids?
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Benign but locally aggressive
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Common sites of sarcoids?
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Head
Groin Prepuce Axillae Neck |
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What are the 6 types of sarcoids?
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Occult
Verrucous Fibroplastic Mixed Nodular Malevolent |
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When is prognosis of tx better?
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Lesions are treated early
Horse is under 4-6 yo |
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8 treatment options for sarcoids?
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Do nothing
Surgery- 40% recurrence rate Cryosurgery BCG injection- periocular Radiation Liverpool sarcoid cream (cytotoxic) Intralesional chemotherapy (cisplatin) Combo therapy |
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What type tend to be benign melanoma?
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Dermal melanoma:
- anus - Guttural pouch |
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What type tends to be malignant melanoma?
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Grey horses with melanoma
or anaplastic malignant melanoma (>20 yo) |
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Treatment of melanomas?
a) benign |
a)
Leave alone Excision Cryotherapy Cimetidine (systemic oral) Chemo (intralesional cisplatin) |
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Aetiology of SCC?
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UV radiation
Chronic irritation Previous wound Smegma |
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SCC distribution?
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Head/eye (esp 3rd eyelid)
External genitalia Non-pigmented skin |
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SCC appearance
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Papillary in looks
or Erosive (nodular plaques/ulcers) Locally invasive Slow to met --> LN and Lungs |
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SCC tx
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Excision (55% reccurance)
Cryotherapy Radiation Chemotherapy: - topical flourouracil (90% success) - Cisplatin inj (65% success) Only tx malignant if sure not met'd |
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What age gets papillomatosis
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Young horses (< 2yo)
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What is papillomatosis due to?
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papovavirus infection
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Common locaction of papillomatosis
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Face/head- esp muzzle
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Tx for papillomatosis
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No tx
Will regress spontaneously |
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Why do equine wounds not heal?
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Infection
Excess movement Large skin defect Presence of FB/necrotic tissue Excessive granulation tissue Systemic dz |
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What is the order of most common places to have proud flesh?
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Limbs> trunk
Horses> ponies |
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Tx of chronic wound
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Infection- debride, topical +/- anitbiotics
Excess movement- immobilise Large skin defect- more time or skin graft Remove FB and debride necrotic flesh Excessive granulation tissue: - bandage - Excise till healthy skin - Topical steroids (as long as no infection) - Bio dressing eg. amnion |
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4 types of skin grafts used in horses?
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Pinch/punch graft
Tunnel graft Split thickness graft Full thickness graft |
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How to prepair recipient sites
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Need fresh/granulating wound
If granulating debride- to decrease bacterial contamination NO INFECTION Can do initial debridement and bandaging before graft |
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Why and when do pinch/punch graft?
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For small recipient sites
Easy to do and can hide donor site (back of neck) with mane |
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Why and when do a tunnel graft?
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For large skin defects at highly mobile sites
technically simple but leaves more of a scar |
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Why and when do a split thickness graft?
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Higher precentage of take and good for large defects
Very painful, Needs GA and technically difficult but no adnexal structures transferred |
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Why and when do a full thickness graft?
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Good cosmetic and functional result
but limited amount of donor skin available and has reduced survival |
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Reasons for grafts failing?
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Excessive movement
Infection Prevention of adherence (fluid accumilation) Inadequate prep of graft eg. too thick |
