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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name four common equine dzs of the cornea
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1.stromal keratomalocia
2.stromal abscesses 3.eosinophilic keratitis 4.calcific band keratopathy |
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punctate or dentritic ulcers of the cornea indicate what
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viral keratitis
treat with topical antivirals and oral lysine |
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what is the most common primary cause of corneal ulceration
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trauma
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how fast should simple corneal ulcers heal?
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within a few days
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what are the three main causes of complicated corneal ulcers?
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1.lid or lash problems
2.tear flim abnormalities 3.corneal infection: stromal abscesses stromal keratomalacia |
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what is the pathophysiology of stromal keratomalacia
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1.organisms produce MMPs
2.neutrophils produce proteolytic enzymes 3.keratocytes produce proteinases and proteinases inhibitors as part of normal healing |
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what bacterium can melt a cornea in no time flat
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psuedomonas
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what two diagnostics should be done for corneal ulcers
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1.corneal culture
2.corneal cytology |
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what is the perfered motor block for the eye?
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auriculopalebral
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what is the perferd senosor block (besides topical anesthetic)
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4 point: frontal, infratrochlear,zygomatic,lacrimal
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what are the therapy goals for infectious keratitis?
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1.sterlize the cornea
2.stop or prevent corneal melting 3.prevent or treat uveitis 4.decrease pain |
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what kind of treatment scedule do you need to treat the infection in infectious keratitis
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TID - QID to treat very one to two hours need subpalperbral lavage system
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what are the four most common topical antibiotics used to sterilize the cornea
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1.gentamicin
2.tripple ab 3.ofloxacin 4.tobramycin |
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how do you over come antibiotic resistance to topical antibiotics
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increase concentration by adding injectable soluntion
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what antifungals can you use in the eye and what are the pros/cons of each
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1.natamycin 5%:comes in an opthalmic sln, but is poor at pentrating the epi
2.miconazole 1% IV sln: penetrates cornea better than natamycin 3.itraconazole 1%in 30%DMSO:irritating 4.fluconazole .2%:can supplement with oral, penetrates well into eye and aqueous humor |
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what are 4 antiproteases treatments
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1.serum or plasma q2h
2.EDTA .2% q2h 3.acetylcysteine 10% q4h 4.doxycycline .1% |
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treatments for uveitis control/pain control
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1.atropine
2.NSAIDs |
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when is a conjuctival graft needed
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when ulcer depth is greater than 50%
when there is rapid progression of corneal melting |
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what is the treatment to reduce excessive corneal scarring
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cyclosporine A
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what are the causes of stromal abscesses
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1.microtrauma that is sealed over
2.infectious outbreak |
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when can you stop ab treatment for a stromal ulcer
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when completely vascularized
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what is the clinical appearance of eosinophilic keratitis how do you diagnose it
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corneal ulcer covered by raised, white necrotic plaque
may be multifocal usually in young horses diagnosis made by corneal cytology |
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how do azelastine hydrochloride and idoxamide work
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topical mast cell stabilizers that prevent degranulation
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what is the treatment for eosinophilic keratitis
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topical steriods if ulceration is minimal, when chronic, or for recurrance
topical NSAIDs topical mast cell stabilizers systemic NSAIDS superficial lamelllar keratectomy to remove plaque speeds heeling-don't use steriods if you do this |
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what are the two forms of ERU
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1.classic- sctive inflammtion followed by minimal inflammation
2.insidious ERU- low grade inflammtion that is often not accompanied by obvious outward signs |
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with equine recurrent uvetitis which horse tend to get anterior uveitis and which tend to get posterior uveitis
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anterior:appaloosa
posterior:warmbloods, draft breeds and european horses |
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pathology of acute ERU
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neutrophilic inflammation
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pathology of chronic ERU
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lymphocytic
fibrin lymphocytic nodule formation with multiple attacks |
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what histopathology is pathognomonic for ERU
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hyaline membrane adjacent to posterior aspect of iris coupled with linear cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in adjacent non-pigmented epithelial cells
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what is the diagnostic work up for ERU
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1.CBC
2.chem panel 3.conjunctival biopsy 4.serology for bacterial and viral agents |
